Papers - Conference 2009 - Institute of Latin American Studies

equirements for their access, in the light of their special conditions. On the otherhand, extending post-emergency programmes to include receiving populations,requires careful formulation of the bases for inclusion. It is clear from the analysispresented here that a reintegration programme for the displaced requires a rangeof differentiated strategies that include both the urban and the semi-urban, theindividual and the collective, the displaced people and the receiving communities,and takes account of the special needs and capabilities of women, young peopleand ethnic minorities. All displaced people have a “face” and need to be treatedwithin the context of their being.The territorial and communal fragmentation in the midst of the conflict constitutesone of the major obstacles to a comprehensive strategy towards socialreconstruction and the integration of internally displaced persons. The smallestregions and communities are subject to the arbitrary rule of guns employed byfrequently shifting local power wielders. For most displaced persons, returning totheir home is not a realistic option, given the escalating conflict and the fact thatthe civilian population is the most victimised of the armed crisis. Even thedisplaced people see integration as an unlikely possibility; only thirteen percentindicate a preference for return.There have been some examples of return movements with internationalmonitoring. Nevertheless, official figures show the incidence of return reducing inthe last few years. Rural resettlement schemes seem to have been less of anoption, as only a few displaced people have used this option. Institutionalstrategies for urban integration remain weak and incoherent. It appears likely thatthe President Uribe government will strengthen the option of return for displacedpeople in the framework of the president’s pacification model (formerly known as“Democratic Security Policy”). On the other hand, re-establishment strategies runby displaced persons remain by-and-large unrecognised by the government.24