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Modélisation du processus de pilotage d'un atelier - Les thèses en ...

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AUTEUR : Samieh MIRDAMADI<br />

DIRECTEUR DE THESE : Lionel DUPONT<br />

LIEU ET DATE DE SOUTENANCE : École <strong>de</strong>s Mines d’Albi - le 17 Juin 2009<br />

Modélisation <strong>du</strong> <strong>processus</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>pilotage</strong> d’un <strong>atelier</strong> <strong>en</strong> temps réel<br />

à l’ai<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne couplée à l’exécution<br />

Résumé :<br />

Ce travail <strong>de</strong> recherche met <strong>en</strong> avant l’intérêt qu’offre la simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne comme outil d’ai<strong>de</strong> à la<br />

décision, outil c<strong>en</strong>tré sur le <strong>pilotage</strong> d’<strong>atelier</strong> vis-à-vis d’événem<strong>en</strong>ts se pro<strong>du</strong>isant <strong>en</strong> temps réel et pour un<br />

horizon à très court terme. Après avoir prés<strong>en</strong>té le contexte général <strong>du</strong> <strong>pilotage</strong> <strong>de</strong>s systèmes <strong>de</strong> pro<strong>du</strong>ction, nous<br />

avons étudié les outils existants et utilisés in<strong>du</strong>striellem<strong>en</strong>t pour l’exploitation <strong>de</strong> la pro<strong>du</strong>ction, <strong>de</strong> même que les<br />

outils d’ai<strong>de</strong> au <strong>pilotage</strong> permettant d’assurer le respect optimal <strong>de</strong>s objectifs fixés. Après un travail préalable sur<br />

la simulation hors ligne, nous proposons <strong>de</strong> coupler un outil <strong>de</strong> simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne à un outil d’exécution<br />

d’<strong>atelier</strong> <strong>de</strong> type MES afin <strong>de</strong> piloter <strong>en</strong> temps réel le <strong>processus</strong> <strong>de</strong> pro<strong>du</strong>ction. Une démarche <strong>de</strong> modélisation<br />

faisant appel <strong>de</strong> façon complém<strong>en</strong>taire à <strong>de</strong>ux approches, analytique et simulatoire, est finalem<strong>en</strong>t mise <strong>en</strong> place.<br />

Nous mettons <strong>en</strong> exergue l’utilisation <strong>de</strong> la simulation <strong>de</strong> flux <strong>en</strong> ligne pour ai<strong>de</strong>r au <strong>pilotage</strong> d’un <strong>processus</strong><br />

opérationnel. Ainsi nous modélisons le <strong>processus</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>pilotage</strong> <strong>en</strong> temps réel afin <strong>de</strong> décrire les fonctions requises.<br />

Pour cela, nous utilisons différ<strong>en</strong>tes stratégies d’utilisation <strong>de</strong>s simulateurs <strong>en</strong> ligne pour le <strong>pilotage</strong>, avec un ou<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux modèles et avec plusieurs métho<strong>de</strong>s d’utilisation <strong>de</strong> ces modèles. La simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne apporte alors <strong>de</strong>s<br />

informations objectives sur les conséqu<strong>en</strong>ces à court terme d’un événem<strong>en</strong>t, ainsi que sur les divers sc<strong>en</strong>arii <strong>de</strong><br />

correction <strong>en</strong>visagés. Pour mieux convaincre les in<strong>du</strong>striels <strong>de</strong> l’intérêt <strong>de</strong> la simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne, nous prés<strong>en</strong>tons<br />

<strong>de</strong>s solutions pratiques aux spécifications et besoins énoncés précé<strong>de</strong>mm<strong>en</strong>t <strong>en</strong> nous appuyant sur une plateforme<br />

expérim<strong>en</strong>tale.<br />

Mots-Clés : Simulation <strong>en</strong> ligne, <strong>pilotage</strong> <strong>en</strong> temps réel, ai<strong>de</strong> à la décision, MES, Supervision.<br />

Decision-making aid for pro<strong>du</strong>ction activity control in pro<strong>du</strong>ction<br />

by the integration of manufacturing executive system and online discrete ev<strong>en</strong>t simulation<br />

Abstract:<br />

This research work highlights the interest of online simulation as a <strong>de</strong>cision support tool. This tool is<br />

focused on workshop control in relation with real time and short-term ev<strong>en</strong>ts. Online simulation <strong>en</strong>ables to<br />

analyze and compare sc<strong>en</strong>arios affecting the pro<strong>du</strong>ction, such as failures or unexpected or<strong>de</strong>rs. Moreover online<br />

simulation allows a very short term projection in the future in or<strong>de</strong>r to quantify the consequ<strong>en</strong>ces of some<br />

unexpected ev<strong>en</strong>t: we call it projection simulation. Finally, online simulation is helpful to choose the solution<br />

that will re<strong>du</strong>ce the impact of a critical ev<strong>en</strong>t, through the simulation of several sc<strong>en</strong>arios. To conclu<strong>de</strong>, online<br />

simulation is one the most interesting <strong>de</strong>cision support tool in workshop piloting. However, there are few<br />

in<strong>du</strong>strial applications in manufacturing systems.<br />

The first part of this research work intro<strong>du</strong>ces the overall context of pro<strong>du</strong>ction system managem<strong>en</strong>t. The<br />

differ<strong>en</strong>t g<strong>en</strong>eric functions of controlling the pro<strong>du</strong>ction, the mo<strong>de</strong>s of piloting and the evolutions of workshop<br />

are <strong>de</strong>tailed. We also explain piloting typologies according to their reactivity. In the second part, we study the<br />

existing software tools used in in<strong>du</strong>stry for the operation of pro<strong>du</strong>ction, and support tools that <strong>en</strong>sure optimal<br />

compliance in regard to the objectives. After a preliminary work on the offline simulation, we propose to couple<br />

an online simulation tool with a type MES <strong>de</strong>livery tool in or<strong>de</strong>r to control the pro<strong>du</strong>ction process in real time. A<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>ling approach using two complem<strong>en</strong>tary approaches, an analytical one and simulation, is th<strong>en</strong> intro<strong>du</strong>ced.<br />

The objective of the third part is to emphasize the use of online flow simulation to assist in operating a<br />

pro<strong>du</strong>ction process. Thus we mo<strong>de</strong>l the process in real time to <strong>de</strong>scribe the required functions. Therefore we try<br />

out differ<strong>en</strong>t strategies of use of online simulators, through one or two mo<strong>de</strong>ls and several methods of using<br />

these mo<strong>de</strong>ls. Online simulation th<strong>en</strong> provi<strong>de</strong>s realistic information on the short-term consequ<strong>en</strong>ces of an ev<strong>en</strong>t,<br />

as well as on the differ<strong>en</strong>t ways of correcting the sc<strong>en</strong>arios. To convince in<strong>du</strong>stry of the relevance of online<br />

simulation, the fourth part pres<strong>en</strong>ts practical solutions to the specifications and requirem<strong>en</strong>ts previously stated.<br />

An experim<strong>en</strong>tal platform helped us validate the concept of online simulation as piloting support tool, but also<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rline the difficulties of <strong>de</strong>velopm<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

Keywords : Online discrete ev<strong>en</strong>t simulation, pro<strong>du</strong>ction activity control, real-time décision making, MES, Shop<br />

floor monitoring and control.<br />

DISCIPLINE ADMINISTRATIVE : Systèmes In<strong>du</strong>striels<br />

Institut National Polytechnique <strong>de</strong> Toulouse - Laboratoire Génie In<strong>du</strong>striel - École <strong>de</strong>s mines d'Albi - France<br />

http://www.mines-albi.fr/

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