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NATURVÅRDSVERKET Rapport 5770 ● Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård Around the Baltic, all countries except Russia are also members of the EU, and around the North Sea, all are members except Norway. This means that EU common agricultural and fishery policies very considerably affect the possibilities of national action. The Water framework directive, with its more binding character, will contribute to an improvement of water quality. Hopes are also high for the Marine directive and the upcoming Maritime strategy. The environmental effects of these agreements cannot, however, be expected until several decades hence. Proposals for new and revised objectives The Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA) proposes no changes to the environmental quality objective or to how the associated “which means that” statements should be interpreted. However, some changes are proposed for the structure of the interim targets. These include two new interim targets, for cautious use of coastal and archipelagic natural and cultural landscapes, and for the restoration of shallow in-shore habitats. Both of these issues are very important for the achievement of the environmental quality objective, and need to be highlighted more in the work to do so. Additionally, the EPA proposes five revisions of existing interim targets. The revision of the protection target is needed to strengthen efforts in marine areas protection and to facilitate evaluation. The change to the bycatch target allows for the adaptation of measures to match the situation for different bycatch species, while the change to the catch and recruitment target is an adaptation to the EU and to the fact that the current target year (2008) is no longer realistic. The earlier interim targets for noise and for oil and chemicals discharges can be combined into one shipping target which can also be expanded to include alien species and waste from leisure boats Finally, the EPA suggests that the interim target for a strategy for the cultural heritage and agricultural landscapes be omitted, since it has been achieved. The interim target for an action programme can be moved to the Rich Diversity of Plant and Animal Life environmental quality objective. Several government agencies share the responsibility for the interim targets at the national level. The EPA is responsible for the protection target (Long-term conservation of marine environments with high conservation values), the Board of Fisheries for the interim targets for bycatches and recruitment of fish. Responsibility for the new targets can be divided such that the Board of Fisheries and the EPA take on the responsibility for the restoration target; the National Heritage Board, the EPA and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning for cautious use; and the Maritime Administration and the EPA for the shipping target. For all interim targets, the regional efforts made by the county administrative boards are of the utmost importance for target fulfilment. For many of the measures, the participation and shared responsibility of municipalities, organisations and other players is absolutely necessary. 13
NATURVÅRDSVERKET Rapport 5770 ● Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård Suggestions for measures and instruments of control The suggested measures and instruments of control relate to the management strategy. In the marine environment area there is a large number of on-going government commissions, and several action plans and other processes in which measures have been or are being devised. The suggested measures may therefore, to some extent, overlap or reproduce measures in other reports or other on-going work. Measures to achieve the interim target for long-term conservation of marine environments with high conservation values (the protection target) are about an increased knowledge base and better management. Since the interim target for restoration is new and knowledge is scant, efforts here need to begin with an inventory and priority-setting phase. For the interim target for cautious use, it is essential that measures have their basis in instruments of control such as municipal comprehensive plans, various management forms, and the protection of valuable environments. The measures under the bycatch target are about the development of fishing equipment and increased knowledge about the extent of bycatches in angling. The interim target for catches and recruitment of fish is dependent on developments in the EU’s common fishery policy. This is reflected in several measures. Included is also national measures against overcapacity, fishing control, and local management of fish stocks. The complex shipping target can be achieved through a closer monitoring of alien species and through measures directed at owners of leisure boats, and at merchant shipping. Information is furthermore needed. In conclusion it may be noted that this environmental objective is dependent on developments in other environmental objectives, principally Zero Eutrophication and A Non-Toxic Environment, as well as on the actions of other countries. Although it is difficult to see environmental improvements today, increasing efforts provide hope for positive results in the longer term. Cost-benefit analysis are available in Swedish at www.naturvardsverket.se and www.miljomal.nu. 14
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Page 3 and 4: Beställningar Ordertel: 08-505 933
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Page 13: Summary NATURVÅRDSVERKET Rapport 5
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Begränsning av ålfisket NATURVÅR
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ÖVRIGA FÖRSLAG NATURVÅRDSVERKET
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Referenser NATURVÅRDSVERKET Rappor
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Hoffrén 2006. Ballastwater. NATURV
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