5-Endless Bliss Fifth Fascicle - Hakikat Kitabevi

absolved from the hajj. In this case he does not have to request
in his last will the sending of a deputy. But he becomes sinful if
he does not go that year. If he puts off going on hajj until a few
years later, he becomes gravely sinful. For, insisting on small
sins causes grave sins. If he becomes ill, imprisoned, or
disabled on his way for hajj or at home in one of the later years,
he will have to send a substitute in his place from his country, or
request it in his last will. If he recovers after sending the
substitute, he will have to go in person, too. If he goes on hajj in
a later year, his sin for delaying the hajj will be forgiven.
According to Imâm Muhammad and Imâm Shâfi’î, it is
permissible to put it off until later years.
Going on hajj is not fard for a person who does not have one
of the conditions for incumbency. It is not necessary to provide
the conditions for incumbency. For example, it is not necessary
to accept the money or property that is presented to him so that
he can perform the hajj. If a person has the conditions for
incumbency but lacks one of the conditions for performance, it
is not fard for him to go on hajj, but if this excuse continues till
his death he has to send a Muslim as a deputy in his place or
command in his last will that someone should be sent in his
place. There are three kinds of worships:
1 - Worships that are only done physically, such as salât,
fasting, reading the Qur’ân, and dhikr. No one can do physical
worships on someone else’s behalf. Everyone has to do them
himself. He cannot make someone else his deputy.
2 - Worships that are done only with property. Examples of
these worships are zakât of property, zakât of body, namely,
sadaqa fitr, zakât of landed property, namely, ’ushr, kaffârats
such as emancipating slaves and feeding or clothing the poor.
No matter whether or not a person has an ’udhr [1] , his worships
that are to be done with property can be done by someone else,
even by a zimmî, on his behalf, with his permission and with his
property.
3 - Worships that are done both physically and with property,
such as the hajj that is fard. As long as a person is alive, it is
only when he has an ’udhr that someone else can perform the
hajj on his behalf with his permission and with his money. He
who is not liable for hajj can send a deputy for the
[1] Excuse (being incapable, imperfect).
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