Rethinking the Welfare State: The prospects for ... - e-Library

Notes 231
49 Tuttle, supra note 4, p. 5.
50 Ibid., p. 3.
51 Ibid., p. 2.
52 Ibid.
53 Although we choose not to engage in a lengthy discussion of the precise definition of “food
inadequacy”—for our purposes, we assume that the level of food inadequacy increases as the
wealth of a household decreases—Eisinger, supra note 13, pp. 11–20, provides an excellent
analysis of the definitional problems with words such as hunger and food inadequacy.
54 Within the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) legislation, there exists a
provision that food stamps will be terminated after an aggregate of three months of
assistance in any 36-month period for individuals falling in the age bracket of 18–50 who are
not disabled, raising children, working at least 20 hours a week, or participating in job
training programs.
55 Moffitt, supra note 32, pp. 1–3. See also Moffitt, R. and Kehrer, K., “The effect of tax and
transfer programs on labor supply: the evidence from the income maintenance experiments,”
in Ronald Ehrenberg (ed.) Research in Labor Economics, vol. 4 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press,
1981), pp. 103–50.
56 Moffitt, supra note 32.
57 Richard D.Coe, “Nonparticipation in the welfare programs by eligible households: the case
of the food stamp program,” Journal of Economic Issues, 17 (December, 1983), p. 1036.
58 Marlene Kim and Thanos Mergoupis, “The working poor and welfare recipiency:
participation, evidence, and policy directions,” Journal of Economic Issues, 31(3)
(September, 1997), p. 708.
59 Eisinger, supra note 13, p. 50.
60 Ibid., p. 52.
61 Coe, supra note 57, p. 1038.
62 Eisinger, supra note 13, p. 52.
63 Ibid.
64 Ibid.
65 Moffitt, supra note 5, p. 126.
66 Ibid.
67 These comments regarding trafficking are based on Moffitt, ibid.
68 Daniel S.Hamermesh and James M.Johannes, “Food stamps as money: the macroeconomics
of a transfer program,” Journal qf Political Economy, 93(1), p. 206.
69 Ibid.
70 Kuhn, supra note 2, p. 195.
71 Ibid., p. 190.
72 A verbal formula is: Value of food stamps=Cost of nutritionally adequate low-cost diet—
0.30 (net income) The cost of nutritionally adequate low-cost diet=f(size of family).
73 Kuhn, supra note 2, p. 190.
74 Ibid. In 1993, the average monthly benefit per participant was $68 (Kuhn, supra note 191).
75 Tuttle, supra note 4.
4
Low-income housing
1 See e.g., Toronto Disaster Relief Committee, Homelessness in Toronto-State of Emergency
Declaration: An Urgent Call for Emergency Humanitarian Relief and Prevention Measures
(Toronto: Toronto Disaster Relief Committee, 1998).