Rethinking the Welfare State: The prospects for ... - e-Library

Notes 242
96 These studies are reviewed in S.Glied, “Managed care,” in Culyer and Newhouse (eds)
Handbook of Health Economics (New York: Elsevier, 2000).
97 A.Scott, “Economics of general practice,” in Culyer and Newhouse (eds) Handbook of
Health Economics (New York: Elsevier, 2000), pp. 1175–200.
98 See generally, M.Grignon, V.Paris, D.Polton in collaboration with A.Couffinhal and
B.Pierrard, “Influence of physician payment methods on efficiency of the health care
system,” Romanow Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada, Background Paper
35 (2002), pp. 12–13. See also A.Krasnik, P.Groenwegen and P.A.Pederson, “Changing
remuneration system: effects on activity in general practice,” British Medical Journal, 300
(1990), pp. 1698–701.
99 Red Book (2002), available at: http://www.nhs.uk/redbook/2-htm.
100 Grignon et al. (2002) (discussing the UK).
101 Grad, supra note 13, p. 19.
102 Flood, supra note 22, p. 156.
103 See, for example, Morris L.Barer, Clyde Hertzman, Robert Miller and Marina V. Pascali,
“On being old and sick: the burden of health care for the elderly in Canada and the United
States,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 17(4) (1992); Alison Evans Cuellar and
Joshua M.Wiener, “Can social insurance for long-term care work? The experience of
Germany,” Health Affairs, 19(3) (2000); World Health Organization, “Home-based longterm
care,” WHO Technical Report Series, 898 (2000) (Geneva).
104 See Edward G.Norton and P.Joseph, “Policy options for public long-term care insurance,”
Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(9) (1994). The authors state that the US,
Germany, Belgium and France are countries with spend-down requirements. Several other
countries do not rely on means testing, but do require substantial co-payments, which often
end up depleting an individual’s assets. Examples of the latter include Canada, Australia,
Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden.
105 Judith Feder, Harriet L.Komisar, and Marlene Niefeld, “Long-term care in the United
States: an overview,” Health Affairs, 19(3) (2000).
106 James Davies, “Social and economic risks to seniors,” Paper for the Role of Government
Panel (2003), pp. 2–3.
107 Ibid.
108 Ibid.
109 Ibid.
110 Ibid.
111 European Observatory on Health Care Systems, supra note 70, p. 69.
112 Ibid.
113 See, for example, Morris L.Barer, Clyde Hertzman, Robert Miller and Marina V. Pascali,
“On being old and sick: the burden of health care for the elderly in Canada and the United
States,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 17(4) (1992); Alison Evans Cuellar and
Joshua M.Wiener, “Can social insurance for long-term care work? The experience of
Germany,” Health Affairs, 19(3) (2000); World Health Organization, “Home-based longterm
care,” WHO Technical Report Series, 898 (2000) (Geneva).
114 Ibid.
115 Edward C.Norton and Joseph P.Newhouse, “Policy options for public long-term care
insurance,” Journal of American Medical Association, 271 (1994), p. 1524. Also note that
there are other countries, such as Germany, that utilize both the health care system and the
social insurance system in the financing of institutional care. However, it is not necessarily
the case that the individual (or social assistance system) will be responsible for housing
costs. Individuals have a certain level of entitlement that is derived from LTC insurance
benefits. Any amount in excess of this entitlement must be paid by the individual, unless he
or she qualifies (on a means-tested basis) for social assistance.