Final Report 89 Goss-Custard, J.D., Jenyon, R.A., Jones, R.E., Newberry, P.E. and Williams, R. Le. B. 1977. The ecology of the Wash II. Seasonal variation in the feeding conditions of wading birds (Charadrii). Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 701-719. Graves, H.M., Watkins, R, Westbury, P and Littlefair, P.J. 2001. Cooling buildings in <strong>London</strong>, BR 431, <strong>London</strong>, CRC Ltd. Gregory, J.M., Mitchell, J.F.B., Brady, A.J. 1997. Summer drought in northern midlatitudes in a time-dependent CO2 climate experiment. Journal of Climate, 10, 662-686. Hardwick, N.V. 2002. Weather and plant diseases. Weather, 57, 184-190. Hassan, H., Aramaki, T., Hanaki, K., Matsuo, T. and Wilby, R.L. 1998. Lake stratification and temperature profiles simulated using downscaled GCM output. Journal of Water Science and Technology, 38, 217–226. Herrington, P. 1996. Climate change and the demand for water. HMSO: <strong>London</strong>. Heywood, V.H. and Watson, R.T. 1996. Global biodiversity assessment. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1152pp. Holt, T. 1999. A classification of ambient climatic conditions during extreme surge events off Western Europe. International Journal of Climatology, 19, 725-744. Hughes, L. 2000. Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 56-61. Hulme, M., Jenkins, G.J., Lu, X., Turnpenny, J.R., Mitchell, T.D., Jones, R.G., Lowe, J., Murphy, J.M., Hassell, D., Boorman, P., McDonald, R. and Hill, S. 2002. Climate Change Scenarios for the UK: The UKCIP02 Scientific Report, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. 120pp. Hulme, M., Barrow, E.M., Arnell, N.W., Harrison, P.A., Johns, T.C. and Downing, T.E. 1999. Relative impacts of human-induced climate change and natural climate variability. Nature, 397, 688-691. IPCC, 2001b. Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1032pp. Jones, P.D. and Reid, P.A. 2001. Assessing future changes in extreme precipitation over Britain using regional climate model integrations. International Journal of Climatology, 21, 1337-1356. Karl, T.R. and Knight, R.W. 1998. Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency and intensity in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79, 231-241. Keleher, C.J. and Rahel, F.J. 1996. Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain Region and the potential habitat loss due to global warming: a geographic information system (GIS) approach. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125, 1-13. Kennish, M.J. 2002. Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries. Environmental Conservation, 29, 78-107. King, S.E. and Lester, J.M. 1995. The value of salt-marsh as a sea defence. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 30, 180-189.
Final Report 90 Klein, R.J.T., Nicholls, R.J., Ragoonaden, S., Capobianco, M., Aston, J. and Buckley, E.N. 2001. Technological options for adaptation to climate change in coastal zones. Journal of Coastal Research, 17, 531-543. Krupa, S.V. and Manning, W.J. 1988. Atmospheric ozone: formation and effects on vegetation. Environmental Pollution, 50, 101-137. Kunst, A.E., Looman, C.W.N. and Mackenbath, J.P. 1993. Outdoor air temperature and mortality in the Netherlands: a time-series analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, 331-341. Langford, I.H. and Bentham, G. 1995. The potential effects of climate change on winter mortality in England and Wales. International Journal of Biometeorology, 38, 141-147. Laschewski, G. and Jendritzky, G. 2002. Effects of the thermal environment on human health: an investigation of 30 years of daily mortality data from SW Germany. Climate Research, 21, 91-103. Lee, D.0. 1993. Climatic change and air quality in <strong>London</strong>. Geography, 78, 77-79. Lee, D.0. 1992. Urban warming?: an analysis of recent trends in <strong>London</strong>’s heat island. Weather, 47, 50-56. Lee, M.A. 2000. Coastal defence and the Habitats Directive: predictions of habitat change in England and Wales. Geographical Journal, 167, 39-56. <strong>London</strong> Biodiversity Partnership, 2002. Our Green Capital. Strategy Directorate, GLA, <strong>London</strong>. Lowe, J.A., Gregory, J.M. and Flather, R.A. 2001. Changes in the occurrence of storm surges around the UK under a future climate scenario using a dynamic storm surge model driven by the Hadley Centre climate models. Climate Dynamics, 18, 179-188. Magnuson, J.J. et al. 2000. Historical trends in lake and river ice-cover in the Northern Hemisphere. Science, 289, 1743-1746. Marchant, J.H., Hudson R, Carter, S.P. and Whittington, P. 1990. Population trends in British Breeding Birds. British Trust for Ornithology. Marchant, P., Eling, W., van Gemert, G-J., Leake, C.J. and Curtis, C.F. 1998. Could British mosquitoes transmit falciparum malaria? Parasitology Today, 14, 344-345. McCarty, J.P. 2001. Ecological consequences of recent climate change. Conservation Biology, 15, 320-331. McGuffie, K. Henderson-Sellers, A., Holbrook, N., Kothavala, Z., Balachova, O. and Hoekstra, J. 1999. Assessing simulations of daily temperature and precipitation variability with global climate models for present and enhanced greenhouse climates. International Journal of Climatology, 19, 1-26. Milly, P.C.D., Wetherald, R.T., Dunne, K.A. and Delworth, T.L. 2002. Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate. Nature, 415, 514-517. Moore, W.S. 1999. The subterranean estuary: a reaction zone of ground water and sea water. Marine Chemistry, 65, 111-125.
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london’swarming The Impacts of Cl
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London Climate Change Partnership A
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Contents Final Report i Executive S
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Final Report iii 5.8 Bibliography 8
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Final Report v 7.3.3 Case Study 156
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Final Report vii 8.5.1 Monitoring I
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Final Report ix Figure 3.3 River Th
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Executive Summary Final Report xi T
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Final Report xiii building and urba
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Final Report 2 There are two study
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Final Report 4
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Final Report 6 In this study histor
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Final Report 8
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Final Report 10 anomalies close to
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"Hot" day anomaly (days) Final Repo
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Final Report 14 3.3 Precipitation (
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Final Report 16 Table 3.1 The five
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Final Report 18 Figure 3.6 Number o
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Final Report 20 1900’s, 1940’s,
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Final Report 22 Figure 3.9 Days wit
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metres AOD Final Report 24 Figure 3
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Final Report 26 Figure 3.13 Number
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Final Report 28 quality is monitore
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Final Report 30 Table 3.2 Nature co
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Final Report 34 Table 3.4 Exemplar
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Climate indicators Recent trend Fin
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Final Report 140 Local meetings are
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Final Report 142 workshop in which
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Final Report 144 is important to no
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Final Report 146 Table 6.5 Summary
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Final Report 148 Martens, W. (1996)
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Final Report 150
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Final Report 152 Box 1 A profile of
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Final Report 154 ‘Y’ indicates
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Final Report 156 Impacts Due to Win
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Final Report 158 months would resul
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7.3.6 Road Transport Final Report 1
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Final Report 162 It was suggested i
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Table 7.3 Summary Table of Impacts
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Final Report 166 In fact it is esti
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Table 7.4 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 170 that a significant
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Final Report 172 than concrete and
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Final Report 174 through the implem
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7.6 Financial Services Final Report
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Table 7.6 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 180 7.7.4 Impacts Due
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Final Report 182 7.8 Environmental
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Table 7.8 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 187 Table 7.9 Potentia
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Table 7.10 Summary table of impacts
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Table 7.11 Summary table of impacts
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Table 7.12 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 195 business strategy,
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Final Report 197 Sir William Halcro
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Final Report 8. Summary and Policy
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Issue Main Points Biodiversity Buil
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Issue Main Points Final Report 203
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Climate Impact Adaptation Options L
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Final Report 207 and will bear the
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Final Report 209 In an RS world, th
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Final Report 211 newcomers from acr
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8.4.2 London Development Agency Fin
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Final Report 217 present study as w
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Final Report 219 • Could develope
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8.4.7 London Biodiversity Partnersh
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Final Report 225 8.5.5 Health and C
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Final Report 227 It is particularly
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9. Conclusions 9.1 Initial Study Fi
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Final Report 231 frequency and inte
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Final Report 233 • Engaged a wide
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London Waste Thames Gateway London
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Aim of the Workshop Final Report 23
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Final Report 239 Table 2 Summary of
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Final Report 241 The notes made by
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Final Report 243 • Past populatio
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• Local Government implementation
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• Water table • Air conditionin
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• London Health Observatory Final
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Flooding Water Resources Air Qualit
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• Landfill location by river Fina
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• Tensions are limits to growth F
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Final Report 257 • Impacts on nat
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Final Report 259 • How will atmos
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Final Report 261 • Learn from cli
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Government Cultural Heritage • De
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Final Report 265 Where or who is ex
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• Business - transport + infrastr
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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Final Report
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Final Report 271 • Increased risk
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Final Report 273 • In Central Lon
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WORKSHOP EVALUATION Final Report 27
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Final Report 277 further study to e
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Final Report 279 Geoff Jenkins Hadl
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Final Report 281 Appendix C Represe
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Final Report 283 Climate prediction
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Final Report 285 GQA General Qualit
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Final Report 287 Stochastic A proce
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crime arising from extreme weather
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open spaces 113, 136-8, 212 increas
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tunnels (cont) stability 110 Tyndal