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Table 7.7 Summary table of impacts - Manufacturing Final Report 181 Climate Change Variable Associated Impacts Potential Severity Ranking Employment Effects IPPC uncertainty rating Global climate change impacts Prince increases in e.g. food stuffs M M -ve L Y Increase - winter rainfall Decrease - summer rainfall Likely net deficit in supply - dem and balance - price rise M L - ve H Y Higher winter temperatures Changes in consumer behaviour L L? H - Higher summer temperatures Changes in consumer behaviour L L? H - Storm frequency/severity Distribution disruption M-H M -ve H Y Sensitivity to socio-economic scenarios Key non climate change sectorial drivers of change Key stakeholders in impact and adaption analysis Impacts possibly mitigated under GM scenario Economic growth; international market competition Corporation of London, UK Govt, FSB, CBI, Unions Current availability of adaption options
Final Report 182 7.8 Environmental Business 7.8.1 Context Environmental business is most commonly associated with the recycling of materials though the definition should be broad enough to cover any business activity that is responsive to environmental issues and problems. Thus, the substantial business that has arisen in the regulation of environmental impacts (e.g. environmental impact assessment, greenhouse gas emission trading etc) may be considered under this heading. This activity is discussed in the Financial Services section. Other environmental businesses include those related to energy efficiency, flood protection engineering, waste management, consultancies etc. According to the draft London Plan, the size of the sector in London is now equivalent to the pharmaceutical sector, and forecast to double by 2010. 7.8.2 Impacts Due to Global Climate Change The most significant climate change impact thought likely to affect the recycling industry in London is the possible increased demand for recycled materials in manufacturing and retail sectors as a result of relative price changes between recycled and virgin raw materials from climate change impacts elsewhere in the world. The argument is that climate change impacts in other parts of the world, such as South Asia, may have an impact on the supply of certain raw materials for manufacturing. If supply is restricted – either by transport disruption or cultivation patterns changing as a result of negative changes in temperature or rainfall – the price of the commodity will rise, other things being equal. Moreover, assuming a constant price of recycled raw materials, it is likely that there will be some switching of demand from virgin materials to recycled materials, and a consequent expansion of this type of environmental business. This argument may be the case for paper of which a significant part of the market share is presently manufactured from virgin pulp in South and East Asia. Current estimates of cultivation pattern changes (IPCC, 2001) tentatively suggest a 1-5% increase in price for paper pulp in the next 15 years as a direct result of temperature and rainfall changes. Although low confidence is placed in these estimates at present, it is recognised that any change in relative prices of this nature will have a positive effect on UK paper recycling industry. A similar argument can be made for the rubber recycling industry since virgin rubber is also presently supplied from Asia. There is therefore a potential opportunity to be exploited here – though it is clearly a regional, rather than a global, welfare gain. 7.8.3 Impacts Due to General Climate Change Two closely related arguments suggest that climate change impacts might have a positive effect on environmental businesses. First, it is possible that with heightened awareness of human responsibility for environmental change, (such as the link being made between greenhouse gas induced climate change and the Autumn 2000 floods in the UK), more pro-active steps will be taken by producers or consumers to ensure that their actions have less of an environmental impact. This might manifest itself either in reduced consumption levels or the use of more recycled materials, (and hence benefits for environmental businesses), or both.
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london’swarming The Impacts of Cl
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London Climate Change Partnership A
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Contents Final Report i Executive S
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Final Report iii 5.8 Bibliography 8
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Final Report v 7.3.3 Case Study 156
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Final Report vii 8.5.1 Monitoring I
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Final Report ix Figure 3.3 River Th
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Executive Summary Final Report xi T
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Final Report xiii building and urba
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Final Report 2 There are two study
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Final Report 4
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Final Report 6 In this study histor
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Final Report 8
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Final Report 10 anomalies close to
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"Hot" day anomaly (days) Final Repo
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Final Report 14 3.3 Precipitation (
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Final Report 16 Table 3.1 The five
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Final Report 18 Figure 3.6 Number o
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Final Report 20 1900’s, 1940’s,
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Final Report 22 Figure 3.9 Days wit
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metres AOD Final Report 24 Figure 3
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Final Report 26 Figure 3.13 Number
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Final Report 28 quality is monitore
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Final Report 30 Table 3.2 Nature co
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Final Report 34 Table 3.4 Exemplar
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Climate indicators Recent trend Fin
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Final Report 38 Marsh, T.J. and Mon
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Final Report 40
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Final Report 42 Table 4.2 Consensus
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Final Report 44 Table 4.4 Summary o
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Final Report 46 Figure 4.1 Referenc
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Final Report 48 Precipitation By th
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Final Report 50 Sea Level Rates of
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Final Report 52 representing the un
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Final Report 54 Figure 4.7 Winter (
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Final Report 56 4.7 Statistical Dow
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Final Report 58 1961-90 plus 0.26º
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Final Report 60
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Final Report 62 temperature between
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Final Report 64 Table 5.2 Potential
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Final Report 66 without climate cha
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Final Report 68 paradox is explaine
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Final Report 70 Table 5.4 Changes i
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Final Report 72 to withstand floods
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Final Report 74 Figure 5.5 The 60-d
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Final Report 76 Figure 5.6 The area
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Final Report 78 use/restoration of
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Final Report 80 The most important
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Final Report 82 of air pollution co
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Final Report 84 5.6.6 Adaptation Op
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Final Report 86 Issues Climate vari
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Final Report 88 Davis, R.J. 2001. T
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Final Report 90 Klein, R.J.T., Nich
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Final Report 92 Reed, D.J. 1990. Th
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Final Report 94
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Final Report 96 and water supply (e
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Final Report 98 Medium-Low Emission
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Final Report 100 Variable Global Ma
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Final Report 102 6.4 Need for a Com
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Final Report 104 Figure 6.2 aims to
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Final Report 106 London’s attract
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Final Report 108 Figure 6.3 Autonom
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Final Report 110 levels of confiden
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Final Report 112 with some arguing
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Final Report 114 reducing the H/W r
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Final Report 116 groundwater storag
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Final Report 118 explored in Tokyo
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Final Report 120 Temperature Change
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Final Report 122 development on bro
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Final Report 124 requirement for fu
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Final Report 126 Figure 6.4 Flows o
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Final Report 128 6.11 Lifestyles an
Page 147 and 148: Final Report 130 2050s (DoH 2002).
Page 149 and 150: Final Report 132 Table 6.4 Potentia
Page 151 and 152: Final Report 134 glistening pebbles
Page 153 and 154: Final Report 136 is because there w
Page 155 and 156: Final Report 138 the very hottest w
Page 157 and 158: Final Report 140 Local meetings are
Page 159 and 160: Final Report 142 workshop in which
Page 161 and 162: Final Report 144 is important to no
Page 163 and 164: Final Report 146 Table 6.5 Summary
Page 165 and 166: Final Report 148 Martens, W. (1996)
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Page 169 and 170: Final Report 152 Box 1 A profile of
Page 171 and 172: Final Report 154 ‘Y’ indicates
Page 173 and 174: Final Report 156 Impacts Due to Win
Page 175 and 176: Final Report 158 months would resul
Page 177 and 178: 7.3.6 Road Transport Final Report 1
Page 179 and 180: Final Report 162 It was suggested i
Page 181 and 182: Table 7.3 Summary Table of Impacts
Page 183 and 184: Final Report 166 In fact it is esti
Page 185 and 186: Table 7.4 Summary table of impacts
Page 187 and 188: Final Report 170 that a significant
Page 189 and 190: Final Report 172 than concrete and
Page 191 and 192: Final Report 174 through the implem
Page 193 and 194: 7.6 Financial Services Final Report
Page 197: Final Report 180 7.7.4 Impacts Due
Page 204 and 205: Final Report 187 Table 7.9 Potentia
Page 212 and 213: Final Report 195 business strategy,
Page 214 and 215: Final Report 197 Sir William Halcro
Page 216 and 217: Final Report 8. Summary and Policy
Page 218 and 219: Issue Main Points Biodiversity Buil
Page 220 and 221: Issue Main Points Final Report 203
Page 222 and 223: Climate Impact Adaptation Options L
Page 224 and 225: Final Report 207 and will bear the
Page 226 and 227: Final Report 209 In an RS world, th
Page 228 and 229: Final Report 211 newcomers from acr
Page 230 and 231: Final Report 213 policies also stat
Page 232 and 233: 8.4.2 London Development Agency Fin
Page 234 and 235: Final Report 217 present study as w
Page 236 and 237: Final Report 219 • Could develope
Page 238 and 239: Final Report 221 consider recreatio
Page 240 and 241: 8.4.7 London Biodiversity Partnersh
Page 242 and 243: Final Report 225 8.5.5 Health and C
Page 244 and 245: Final Report 227 It is particularly
Page 246 and 247: 9. Conclusions 9.1 Initial Study Fi
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Final Report 231 frequency and inte
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Final Report 233 • Engaged a wide
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London Waste Thames Gateway London
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Aim of the Workshop Final Report 23
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Final Report 239 Table 2 Summary of
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Final Report 241 The notes made by
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Final Report 243 • Past populatio
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• Local Government implementation
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• Water table • Air conditionin
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• London Health Observatory Final
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Flooding Water Resources Air Qualit
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• Landfill location by river Fina
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• Tensions are limits to growth F
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Final Report 257 • Impacts on nat
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Final Report 259 • How will atmos
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Final Report 261 • Learn from cli
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Government Cultural Heritage • De
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Final Report 265 Where or who is ex
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• Business - transport + infrastr
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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Final Report
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Final Report 271 • Increased risk
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Final Report 273 • In Central Lon
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WORKSHOP EVALUATION Final Report 27
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Final Report 277 further study to e
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Final Report 279 Geoff Jenkins Hadl
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Final Report 281 Appendix C Represe
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Final Report 283 Climate prediction
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Final Report 285 GQA General Qualit
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Final Report 287 Stochastic A proce
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crime arising from extreme weather
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open spaces 113, 136-8, 212 increas
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tunnels (cont) stability 110 Tyndal
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