London scoping - ukcip

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crime arising from extreme weather events 140, 141 cultural legacy 133-4 cycling 132, 160 dams, performance and stability 171-2, 224 death rates 61, 119, 129-30 demographic changes 125-7, 210-11 Department of Trade and Industry, DTI Foresight 223 design industries 192-3 developments, building see building developments disadvantaged areas, blighting 123, 127 disadvantaged groups see social inequity in climate change impacts disaster planning 138-40, 225 diseases, infectious 82-3, 130, 131 docks (river), impact of river flow changes 159 domestic buildings 114-20 see also buildings drainage systems see urban drainage systems drinks see foods and drinks dry spells 15-17, 22-3, 50-1 DTI Foresight 223 economic impacts 151-98, 215-16, 228 ecosystems 29-34, 78-84 education in climate change 227 education sector 120-1 educational performance 121 electricity consumption 165-6, 167 electricity transmission and distribution networks 165-6 embankments (river), flood protection 25 emergency planning 138-40, 225 emergency services 138-41 emission scenarios (climate models) 41, 43-50, 54-5 emissions see greenhouse gas emissions; traffic emissions emissions trading 176 energy demand/consumption 165-6, 167 energy efficient buildings 112, 113, 114, 118 Energy Strategy, The Mayor’s 165 Environment Agency 216-20 environmental business 182-5 environmental impacts 61-93 Final Report 289 equity, social see social inequity in climate change impacts evidence for climate change 9-26 exotic species 83 extreme weather events 43 see also dry spells; flood risks; heat waves; rainstorms; wet spells; windstorms financial impacts see cost of impacts; economic impacts financial services industry 176-8 fire risks 136, 140 fire services 139 fish species 79 flood defences 25, 71-2, 76-8, 217-9 impact on intertidal habitats 80 implications for building developments 122-5, 212-3 flood plains building developments, 121-4, 127, 212 insurance implications 173-4, 208 water storage function 124, 136 flood risks 71-8, 122-3, 217-9 ‘at risk’ area 76 property insurance 170, 173-4, 207-9 vulnerability of modern housing 116 flood warning systems 138, 139-40 flood water storage areas 124, 136 flooding costs 119, 207 for social and economic impacts, see specific sectors fogs 50 foods and drinks choices and consumption 128, 132, 179 supplies 128, 129, 179 foreshore 80-1 Foresight Initiative (DTI) 223 freight transport 159, 161, 179 freshwater habitats 79-80 saline intrusion 66 fuel cell technology 135 gale activity see windstorms gardens as wildlife habitats 81 increased use of outdoor space 118 irrigation 115 global climate projections 41-43
global comparisons see international comparisons Global Markets (GM) scenario 98-101 global warming see temperature changes government see public administration ‘green corridors’ 29, 84, 127 see also Blue Ribbon Network green open spaces see open spaces greenhouse gas emissions 41 grey water usage 110-11, 135 ground movement see subsidence of buildings and other structures groundwater abstraction for water supplies 23 cooling of buildings 112, 125 local abstraction and usage 110-11, 213 recharge 66, 69-70 rising levels 23-4, 110 water quality, 24, 66 Gulf Stream 55 habitats for wildlife 31-33, 78-84, 136 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research 7 health, public 131 health impacts 63, 129-33, 225 health services 131, 138-9 healthy lifestyle 132 heat island intensity 12-13, 56-8 heat stress 130, 133, 160 heat waves 50-1, 61, 109 see also temperature changes heating demand 109, 111, 116-17 heave of buildings 110 heritage (cultural) 133-4 historic buildings 133-4, 225 holiday destinations 162, 186-7 hot spells 50-1, 61, 109 housing 114-20 see also building developments; buildings humidity changes 18-19, 50, 110 health impacts 130 hydroelectric power 165 impacts, summary 199-203, 229-32 see also specific sectors inequity, social see social inequity in climate change impacts infectious diseases 82-3, 130, 131 informing the public 116, 139, 226-7 insect species 82, 137 insurance industry 169-75 Final Report 290 insurance of property 170-1, 173-4, 207-9 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6, 41 international comparisons 102-3, 109-10, 224 energy demand 167 green and open spaces 138 health effects 132-3 tourist destinations 187 transport systems 163 intertidal habitats 80-1 invasive species 34, 83 irrigation of parks and gardens 115, 137 landscaping, to mitigate effects of warmer climate 63, 114, 118 leisure activities 186-7 lifestyle changes 118, 128-9 lightning events 156, 162, 165 local authorities 221, 221-2 London Biodiversity Partnership 223 London Climate Change Partnership 1 London Development Agency 215-16 London Plan, The 101, 210-14 London Underground Rail System flood risks 157 impact of warmer air temperatures 61-2, 157-8 manufacturing industries 179-81 supply of raw materials 159 marshland 76-7, 80, 81, 124 materials recycling 182-3 Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy, The 29 Mayor’s Energy Strategy, The 165 Mayor’s Transport Strategy, The 154 media industries 192-3 medical services 131, 138-9 migration of population 125-7, 206 mitigation measures, summary 204-5 see also specific sectors monitoring indicators of climate change 223 mortality 61, 119, 129-30 mudflats 80, 81 natural ventilation 111-13, 125, 135 nature conservation 29-30, 84, 212 nature reserves 84 nitrogen dioxide 28 noise pollution 118, 120 office buildings 108-14 see also buildings
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london’swarming The Impacts of Cl
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London Climate Change Partnership A
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Contents Final Report i Executive S
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Final Report iii 5.8 Bibliography 8
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Final Report v 7.3.3 Case Study 156
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Final Report vii 8.5.1 Monitoring I
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Final Report ix Figure 3.3 River Th
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Executive Summary Final Report xi T
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Final Report xiii building and urba
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Final Report 2 There are two study
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Final Report 4
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Final Report 6 In this study histor
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Final Report 8
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Final Report 10 anomalies close to
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"Hot" day anomaly (days) Final Repo
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Final Report 14 3.3 Precipitation (
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Final Report 16 Table 3.1 The five
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Final Report 18 Figure 3.6 Number o
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Final Report 20 1900’s, 1940’s,
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Final Report 22 Figure 3.9 Days wit
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metres AOD Final Report 24 Figure 3
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Final Report 26 Figure 3.13 Number
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Final Report 28 quality is monitore
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Final Report 30 Table 3.2 Nature co
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Final Report 34 Table 3.4 Exemplar
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Climate indicators Recent trend Fin
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Final Report 38 Marsh, T.J. and Mon
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Final Report 40
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Final Report 42 Table 4.2 Consensus
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Final Report 44 Table 4.4 Summary o
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Final Report 46 Figure 4.1 Referenc
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Final Report 48 Precipitation By th
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Final Report 50 Sea Level Rates of
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Final Report 52 representing the un
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Final Report 54 Figure 4.7 Winter (
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Final Report 56 4.7 Statistical Dow
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Final Report 58 1961-90 plus 0.26º
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Final Report 60
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Final Report 62 temperature between
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Final Report 64 Table 5.2 Potential
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Final Report 66 without climate cha
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Final Report 68 paradox is explaine
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Final Report 70 Table 5.4 Changes i
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Final Report 72 to withstand floods
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Final Report 74 Figure 5.5 The 60-d
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Final Report 76 Figure 5.6 The area
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Final Report 78 use/restoration of
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Final Report 80 The most important
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Final Report 82 of air pollution co
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Final Report 84 5.6.6 Adaptation Op
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Final Report 86 Issues Climate vari
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Final Report 88 Davis, R.J. 2001. T
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Final Report 90 Klein, R.J.T., Nich
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Final Report 92 Reed, D.J. 1990. Th
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Final Report 94
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Final Report 96 and water supply (e
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Final Report 98 Medium-Low Emission
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Final Report 100 Variable Global Ma
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Final Report 102 6.4 Need for a Com
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Final Report 104 Figure 6.2 aims to
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Final Report 106 London’s attract
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Final Report 108 Figure 6.3 Autonom
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Final Report 110 levels of confiden
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Final Report 112 with some arguing
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Final Report 114 reducing the H/W r
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Final Report 116 groundwater storag
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Final Report 118 explored in Tokyo
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Final Report 120 Temperature Change
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Final Report 122 development on bro
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Final Report 124 requirement for fu
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Final Report 126 Figure 6.4 Flows o
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Final Report 128 6.11 Lifestyles an
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Final Report 130 2050s (DoH 2002).
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Final Report 132 Table 6.4 Potentia
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Final Report 134 glistening pebbles
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Final Report 136 is because there w
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Final Report 138 the very hottest w
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Final Report 140 Local meetings are
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Final Report 142 workshop in which
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Final Report 144 is important to no
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Final Report 146 Table 6.5 Summary
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Final Report 148 Martens, W. (1996)
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Final Report 150
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Final Report 152 Box 1 A profile of
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Final Report 154 ‘Y’ indicates
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Final Report 156 Impacts Due to Win
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Final Report 158 months would resul
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7.3.6 Road Transport Final Report 1
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Final Report 162 It was suggested i
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Table 7.3 Summary Table of Impacts
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Final Report 166 In fact it is esti
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Table 7.4 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 170 that a significant
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Final Report 172 than concrete and
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Final Report 174 through the implem
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7.6 Financial Services Final Report
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Final Report 180 7.7.4 Impacts Due
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Final Report 182 7.8 Environmental
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Final Report 187 Table 7.9 Potentia
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Final Report 195 business strategy,
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Final Report 197 Sir William Halcro
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Final Report 8. Summary and Policy
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Issue Main Points Biodiversity Buil
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Issue Main Points Final Report 203
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Climate Impact Adaptation Options L
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Final Report 207 and will bear the
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Final Report 209 In an RS world, th
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Final Report 211 newcomers from acr
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Final Report 213 policies also stat
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8.4.2 London Development Agency Fin
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Final Report 217 present study as w
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Final Report 219 • Could develope
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Final Report 221 consider recreatio
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8.4.7 London Biodiversity Partnersh
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Final Report 225 8.5.5 Health and C
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Final Report 227 It is particularly
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9. Conclusions 9.1 Initial Study Fi
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Final Report 231 frequency and inte
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Final Report 233 • Engaged a wide
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London Waste Thames Gateway London
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Aim of the Workshop Final Report 23
Page 256 and 257: Final Report 239 Table 2 Summary of
Page 258 and 259: Final Report 241 The notes made by
Page 260 and 261: Final Report 243 • Past populatio
Page 262 and 263: • Local Government implementation
Page 264 and 265: • Water table • Air conditionin
Page 266 and 267: • London Health Observatory Final
Page 268 and 269: Flooding Water Resources Air Qualit
Page 270 and 271: • Landfill location by river Fina
Page 272 and 273: • Tensions are limits to growth F
Page 274 and 275: Final Report 257 • Impacts on nat
Page 276 and 277: Final Report 259 • How will atmos
Page 278 and 279: Final Report 261 • Learn from cli
Page 280 and 281: Government Cultural Heritage • De
Page 282 and 283: Final Report 265 Where or who is ex
Page 284 and 285: • Business - transport + infrastr
Page 286 and 287: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Final Report
Page 288 and 289: Final Report 271 • Increased risk
Page 290 and 291: Final Report 273 • In Central Lon
Page 292 and 293: WORKSHOP EVALUATION Final Report 27
Page 294 and 295: Final Report 277 further study to e
Page 296 and 297: Final Report 279 Geoff Jenkins Hadl
Page 298 and 299: Final Report 281 Appendix C Represe
Page 300 and 301: Final Report 283 Climate prediction
Page 302 and 303: Final Report 285 GQA General Qualit
Page 304 and 305: Final Report 287 Stochastic A proce
Page 308 and 309: open spaces 113, 136-8, 212 increas
Page 310 and 311: tunnels (cont) stability 110 Tyndal
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