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Table 7.8 Summary table of impacts - Environmental Businesses Final Report 185 Climate Change Variable Associated Impacts Potential Severity Ranking Global climate change impacts Price increases in virgin raw material relative to recycled Existence of climate change impacts Changes in producer/consumer behaviour Sensitivity to socio-economic scenarios Key non climate change sectorial drivers of change Key stakeholders in impact and adaption analysis Employment Effects IPPC uncertainty rating M M +ve L - L M +ve - Impacts exacerbated under RS scenario Sustainability awareness Recycling/environmental businesses; UK Govt.; manufacturers; consumers Current availability of adaption options
7.9 Tourism and Leisure Final Report 186 7.9.1 Context Tourists visiting London from elsewhere in the UK account for approximately 10% of total UK domestic tourism (ONS 2001). London is by far the most popular UK destination for overseas tourists, however, accounting for just over half of all overseas tourists and associated expenditure. In 1998, 13.5 million overseas tourists travelled to London. The domestic tourists bring in just over £1 billion, but the overseas tourists contribute nearly £7 billion to the London economy (ONS 2001). Hotels and restaurants comprise 5.8% of London’s GDP. London has an impressive set of facilities and attractions for tourists including the following (LTB at www.englishtourism.org.uk 2002): 1200 hotels (269 of which are of historical interest); 12,155 restuarants; 5,245 pubs and bars; 200 museums; 108 theatres. 7.9.2 Flooding and Rainfall Intensity Impacts Sports and recreational fishing could suffer in dry summers; There may be insufficient water to maintain inland canal navigation. This could also effect the attractiveness of canal-side commercial and residential developments; Increased likelihood of algal blooms on watercourses with aesthetic and health implications. 7.9.3 Temperature Change Impacts There is a high degree of uncertainty as to what the net effect of climate change is likely to be on Tourism in London but the principal arguments are: Southern Europe and other destinations might become less attractive as a destination for summer holidays since climate change there will result in intolerable hot temperatures. More summer holidays will therefore be taken domestically, with time spent in London being one component of such a holiday. A recent study, (Agnew and Viner, 2000), has identified potential impacts of climate change on ten overseas holiday destinations. The threats of these predominantly negative effects (examples of which are shown in Table 7.9 below) will strengthen the argument above.
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london’swarming The Impacts of Cl
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London Climate Change Partnership A
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Contents Final Report i Executive S
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Final Report iii 5.8 Bibliography 8
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Final Report v 7.3.3 Case Study 156
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Final Report vii 8.5.1 Monitoring I
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Final Report ix Figure 3.3 River Th
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Executive Summary Final Report xi T
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Final Report xiii building and urba
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Final Report 2 There are two study
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Final Report 4
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Final Report 6 In this study histor
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Final Report 8
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Final Report 10 anomalies close to
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"Hot" day anomaly (days) Final Repo
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Final Report 14 3.3 Precipitation (
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Final Report 16 Table 3.1 The five
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Final Report 18 Figure 3.6 Number o
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Final Report 20 1900’s, 1940’s,
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Final Report 22 Figure 3.9 Days wit
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metres AOD Final Report 24 Figure 3
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Final Report 26 Figure 3.13 Number
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Final Report 28 quality is monitore
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Final Report 30 Table 3.2 Nature co
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ad11:users:ad11:desktop:final tech
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Final Report 34 Table 3.4 Exemplar
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Climate indicators Recent trend Fin
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Final Report 38 Marsh, T.J. and Mon
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Final Report 40
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Final Report 42 Table 4.2 Consensus
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Final Report 44 Table 4.4 Summary o
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Final Report 46 Figure 4.1 Referenc
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Final Report 48 Precipitation By th
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Final Report 50 Sea Level Rates of
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Final Report 52 representing the un
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Final Report 54 Figure 4.7 Winter (
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Final Report 56 4.7 Statistical Dow
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Final Report 58 1961-90 plus 0.26º
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Final Report 60
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Final Report 62 temperature between
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Final Report 64 Table 5.2 Potential
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Final Report 66 without climate cha
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Final Report 68 paradox is explaine
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Final Report 70 Table 5.4 Changes i
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Final Report 72 to withstand floods
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Final Report 74 Figure 5.5 The 60-d
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Final Report 76 Figure 5.6 The area
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Final Report 78 use/restoration of
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Final Report 80 The most important
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Final Report 82 of air pollution co
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Final Report 84 5.6.6 Adaptation Op
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Final Report 86 Issues Climate vari
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Final Report 88 Davis, R.J. 2001. T
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Final Report 90 Klein, R.J.T., Nich
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Final Report 92 Reed, D.J. 1990. Th
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Final Report 94
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Final Report 96 and water supply (e
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Final Report 98 Medium-Low Emission
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Final Report 100 Variable Global Ma
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Final Report 102 6.4 Need for a Com
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Final Report 104 Figure 6.2 aims to
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Final Report 106 London’s attract
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Final Report 108 Figure 6.3 Autonom
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Final Report 110 levels of confiden
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Final Report 112 with some arguing
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Final Report 114 reducing the H/W r
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Final Report 116 groundwater storag
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Final Report 118 explored in Tokyo
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Final Report 120 Temperature Change
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Final Report 122 development on bro
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Final Report 124 requirement for fu
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Final Report 126 Figure 6.4 Flows o
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Final Report 128 6.11 Lifestyles an
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Final Report 130 2050s (DoH 2002).
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Final Report 132 Table 6.4 Potentia
Page 151 and 152: Final Report 134 glistening pebbles
Page 153 and 154: Final Report 136 is because there w
Page 155 and 156: Final Report 138 the very hottest w
Page 157 and 158: Final Report 140 Local meetings are
Page 159 and 160: Final Report 142 workshop in which
Page 161 and 162: Final Report 144 is important to no
Page 163 and 164: Final Report 146 Table 6.5 Summary
Page 165 and 166: Final Report 148 Martens, W. (1996)
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Page 169 and 170: Final Report 152 Box 1 A profile of
Page 171 and 172: Final Report 154 ‘Y’ indicates
Page 173 and 174: Final Report 156 Impacts Due to Win
Page 175 and 176: Final Report 158 months would resul
Page 177 and 178: 7.3.6 Road Transport Final Report 1
Page 179 and 180: Final Report 162 It was suggested i
Page 181 and 182: Table 7.3 Summary Table of Impacts
Page 183 and 184: Final Report 166 In fact it is esti
Page 185 and 186: Table 7.4 Summary table of impacts
Page 187 and 188: Final Report 170 that a significant
Page 189 and 190: Final Report 172 than concrete and
Page 191 and 192: Final Report 174 through the implem
Page 193 and 194: 7.6 Financial Services Final Report
Page 197 and 198: Final Report 180 7.7.4 Impacts Due
Page 199 and 200: Final Report 182 7.8 Environmental
Page 204 and 205: Final Report 187 Table 7.9 Potentia
Page 212 and 213: Final Report 195 business strategy,
Page 214 and 215: Final Report 197 Sir William Halcro
Page 216 and 217: Final Report 8. Summary and Policy
Page 218 and 219: Issue Main Points Biodiversity Buil
Page 220 and 221: Issue Main Points Final Report 203
Page 222 and 223: Climate Impact Adaptation Options L
Page 224 and 225: Final Report 207 and will bear the
Page 226 and 227: Final Report 209 In an RS world, th
Page 228 and 229: Final Report 211 newcomers from acr
Page 230 and 231: Final Report 213 policies also stat
Page 232 and 233: 8.4.2 London Development Agency Fin
Page 234 and 235: Final Report 217 present study as w
Page 236 and 237: Final Report 219 • Could develope
Page 238 and 239: Final Report 221 consider recreatio
Page 240 and 241: 8.4.7 London Biodiversity Partnersh
Page 242 and 243: Final Report 225 8.5.5 Health and C
Page 244 and 245: Final Report 227 It is particularly
Page 246 and 247: 9. Conclusions 9.1 Initial Study Fi
Page 248 and 249: Final Report 231 frequency and inte
Page 250 and 251: Final Report 233 • Engaged a wide
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London Waste Thames Gateway London
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Aim of the Workshop Final Report 23
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Final Report 239 Table 2 Summary of
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Final Report 241 The notes made by
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Final Report 243 • Past populatio
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• Local Government implementation
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• Water table • Air conditionin
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• London Health Observatory Final
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Flooding Water Resources Air Qualit
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• Landfill location by river Fina
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• Tensions are limits to growth F
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Final Report 257 • Impacts on nat
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Final Report 259 • How will atmos
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Final Report 261 • Learn from cli
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Government Cultural Heritage • De
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Final Report 265 Where or who is ex
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• Business - transport + infrastr
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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Final Report
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Final Report 271 • Increased risk
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Final Report 273 • In Central Lon
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WORKSHOP EVALUATION Final Report 27
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Final Report 277 further study to e
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Final Report 279 Geoff Jenkins Hadl
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Final Report 281 Appendix C Represe
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Final Report 283 Climate prediction
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Final Report 285 GQA General Qualit
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Final Report 287 Stochastic A proce
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crime arising from extreme weather
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open spaces 113, 136-8, 212 increas
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tunnels (cont) stability 110 Tyndal
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