London scoping - ukcip

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Final Report 105 Figure 6.2 Factors Contributing towards the ‘Attractiveness’ of London as a city Factors Economy Housing Transport Redevelopment Education Health Built Environment Jobs Lifestyle Equity and tolerance Cost of living Networking / initiative opportunities Clean city Green and open spaces Crime and Security Historical and cultural legacy Cultural activities and leisure Influenced by net. population changes “Attractiveness” of London
Final Report 106 London’s attractiveness emerges from its role within the UK as centre of government, commerce, finance, other business services, the media, creative arts, etc. The sheer concentration of these activities and associated resources generates its own momentum and accelerates further concentration. London becomes a ‘magnet’ for many seeking their professional development, family and friends, likeminded people, involvement in national-scale organisations, networks, events and activities and so on. The ‘pull’ of London is therefore an upward spiral – the more people are attracted because of these reasons, the more reasons there are to attract others. The risk is that some set of circumstances might trigger a reversal of this process, resulting in a negative spiral (as witnessed in the past several decades in many towns and cities in the north of England). House prices, pollution, poor infrastructure, lack of health care, crime and so on, could all contribute to such a reversal, though the underlying economic conditions are likely to be the most important factors. MORI’s survey work for the GLA over the past two years provides evidence of the attractiveness of London. More people agreed that London had a positive rather than a negative record for culture and leisure, tolerance, parks and open spaces, easy accessibility, good relations between sections of the community, less discrimination than in the past, good schools and accessibility for people with disabilities (GLA 2002). Only on three issues did London score a more negative than positive record: availability of good quality health services, being a ‘green city’ and ‘clean’ city. The fact that 75% of respondents thought that London is not a clean city is highly significant to this study. About a quarter of MORI’s respondents were ‘very satisfied’ with London as a place to live and another half were ‘satisfied’, only one in ten said they were dissatisfied. It is interesting to note that a larger number of people are ‘very satisfied’ (about a 1/3 rd of respondents) with their neighbourhood rather than with London as a whole. That could indicate the negative aspects of being part of Greater London which are not necessarily so evident locally, or which are more readily adapted to locally through familiarity and experience. On the negative side, when asked whether their neighbourhood is getting better or worse, 38% of people said it was getting worse, compared to 24% who thought it was improving (GLA 2001). The corresponding figures for London as a whole were 47 and 19% respectively. The perception of negative costs associated with living in Greater London (as opposed to the respondents’ own neighbourhood) appears to be becoming more pronounced. Judging by the responses elsewhere in the MORI survey, these negative costs appear to be crime and security, cost of living, traffic congestion, lack of public transport and problems with public services (health and education). Slightly more than 1/3 rd of respondents said that they would tend to agree or strongly agreed that they would move out of London ‘if they could’. This is higher than the 20% of respondents who, in a separately posed question, thought that they were certain, very likely or fairly likely to move out of London. One interpretation of this is that 10% or so of the respondents do not feel able to move but would quite like to if they could. We should note that a major limitation of the use of MORI data here is that we do not have a comparator data-set for other cities in the UK, EU and further afield. If we had had such data, we would have been able to get a much better understanding of the relative attractiveness of different cities, against which the impacts of climate change could have been evaluated. Unfortunately, such detailed survey data is only available for London as far as we have been able to ascertain. There are perhaps fewer incentives for those in London to leave the city than residents of other parts of the UK because opportunities are generally higher in the capital than
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london’swarming The Impacts of Cl
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London Climate Change Partnership A
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Contents Final Report i Executive S
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Final Report iii 5.8 Bibliography 8
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Final Report v 7.3.3 Case Study 156
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Final Report vii 8.5.1 Monitoring I
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Final Report ix Figure 3.3 River Th
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Executive Summary Final Report xi T
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Final Report xiii building and urba
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Final Report 2 There are two study
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Final Report 4
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Final Report 6 In this study histor
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Final Report 8
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Final Report 10 anomalies close to
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"Hot" day anomaly (days) Final Repo
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Final Report 14 3.3 Precipitation (
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Final Report 16 Table 3.1 The five
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Final Report 18 Figure 3.6 Number o
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Final Report 20 1900’s, 1940’s,
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Final Report 22 Figure 3.9 Days wit
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metres AOD Final Report 24 Figure 3
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Final Report 26 Figure 3.13 Number
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Final Report 28 quality is monitore
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Final Report 30 Table 3.2 Nature co
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Final Report 34 Table 3.4 Exemplar
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Climate indicators Recent trend Fin
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Final Report 38 Marsh, T.J. and Mon
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Final Report 40
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Final Report 42 Table 4.2 Consensus
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Final Report 44 Table 4.4 Summary o
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Final Report 46 Figure 4.1 Referenc
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Final Report 48 Precipitation By th
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Final Report 50 Sea Level Rates of
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Final Report 52 representing the un
Page 71 and 72: Final Report 54 Figure 4.7 Winter (
Page 73 and 74: Final Report 56 4.7 Statistical Dow
Page 75 and 76: Final Report 58 1961-90 plus 0.26º
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Page 79 and 80: Final Report 62 temperature between
Page 81 and 82: Final Report 64 Table 5.2 Potential
Page 83 and 84: Final Report 66 without climate cha
Page 85 and 86: Final Report 68 paradox is explaine
Page 87 and 88: Final Report 70 Table 5.4 Changes i
Page 89 and 90: Final Report 72 to withstand floods
Page 91 and 92: Final Report 74 Figure 5.5 The 60-d
Page 93 and 94: Final Report 76 Figure 5.6 The area
Page 95 and 96: Final Report 78 use/restoration of
Page 97 and 98: Final Report 80 The most important
Page 99 and 100: Final Report 82 of air pollution co
Page 101 and 102: Final Report 84 5.6.6 Adaptation Op
Page 103 and 104: Final Report 86 Issues Climate vari
Page 105 and 106: Final Report 88 Davis, R.J. 2001. T
Page 107 and 108: Final Report 90 Klein, R.J.T., Nich
Page 109 and 110: Final Report 92 Reed, D.J. 1990. Th
Page 113 and 114: Final Report 96 and water supply (e
Page 115 and 116: Final Report 98 Medium-Low Emission
Page 117 and 118: Final Report 100 Variable Global Ma
Page 119 and 120: Final Report 102 6.4 Need for a Com
Page 121: Final Report 104 Figure 6.2 aims to
Page 125 and 126: Final Report 108 Figure 6.3 Autonom
Page 127 and 128: Final Report 110 levels of confiden
Page 129 and 130: Final Report 112 with some arguing
Page 131 and 132: Final Report 114 reducing the H/W r
Page 133 and 134: Final Report 116 groundwater storag
Page 135 and 136: Final Report 118 explored in Tokyo
Page 137 and 138: Final Report 120 Temperature Change
Page 139 and 140: Final Report 122 development on bro
Page 141 and 142: Final Report 124 requirement for fu
Page 143 and 144: Final Report 126 Figure 6.4 Flows o
Page 145 and 146: Final Report 128 6.11 Lifestyles an
Page 147 and 148: Final Report 130 2050s (DoH 2002).
Page 149 and 150: Final Report 132 Table 6.4 Potentia
Page 151 and 152: Final Report 134 glistening pebbles
Page 153 and 154: Final Report 136 is because there w
Page 155 and 156: Final Report 138 the very hottest w
Page 157 and 158: Final Report 140 Local meetings are
Page 159 and 160: Final Report 142 workshop in which
Page 161 and 162: Final Report 144 is important to no
Page 163 and 164: Final Report 146 Table 6.5 Summary
Page 165 and 166: Final Report 148 Martens, W. (1996)
Page 169 and 170: Final Report 152 Box 1 A profile of
Page 171 and 172: Final Report 154 ‘Y’ indicates
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Final Report 156 Impacts Due to Win
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Final Report 158 months would resul
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7.3.6 Road Transport Final Report 1
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Final Report 162 It was suggested i
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Table 7.3 Summary Table of Impacts
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Final Report 166 In fact it is esti
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Table 7.4 Summary table of impacts
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Final Report 170 that a significant
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Final Report 172 than concrete and
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Final Report 174 through the implem
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7.6 Financial Services Final Report
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Final Report 180 7.7.4 Impacts Due
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Final Report 182 7.8 Environmental
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Final Report 187 Table 7.9 Potentia
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Final Report 195 business strategy,
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Final Report 197 Sir William Halcro
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Final Report 8. Summary and Policy
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Issue Main Points Biodiversity Buil
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Issue Main Points Final Report 203
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Climate Impact Adaptation Options L
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Final Report 207 and will bear the
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Final Report 209 In an RS world, th
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Final Report 211 newcomers from acr
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Final Report 213 policies also stat
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8.4.2 London Development Agency Fin
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Final Report 217 present study as w
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Final Report 219 • Could develope
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Final Report 221 consider recreatio
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8.4.7 London Biodiversity Partnersh
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Final Report 225 8.5.5 Health and C
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Final Report 227 It is particularly
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9. Conclusions 9.1 Initial Study Fi
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Final Report 231 frequency and inte
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Final Report 233 • Engaged a wide
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London Waste Thames Gateway London
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Aim of the Workshop Final Report 23
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Final Report 239 Table 2 Summary of
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Final Report 241 The notes made by
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Final Report 243 • Past populatio
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• Local Government implementation
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• Water table • Air conditionin
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• London Health Observatory Final
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Flooding Water Resources Air Qualit
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• Landfill location by river Fina
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• Tensions are limits to growth F
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Final Report 257 • Impacts on nat
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Final Report 259 • How will atmos
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Final Report 261 • Learn from cli
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Government Cultural Heritage • De
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Final Report 265 Where or who is ex
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• Business - transport + infrastr
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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Final Report
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Final Report 271 • Increased risk
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Final Report 273 • In Central Lon
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WORKSHOP EVALUATION Final Report 27
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Final Report 277 further study to e
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Final Report 279 Geoff Jenkins Hadl
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Final Report 281 Appendix C Represe
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Final Report 283 Climate prediction
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Final Report 285 GQA General Qualit
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Final Report 287 Stochastic A proce
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crime arising from extreme weather
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open spaces 113, 136-8, 212 increas
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tunnels (cont) stability 110 Tyndal
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