Barriers to Diversity in Film – A Research Review – Aug 07

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• Recent research in television suggests that the impact on the mainstream is minimal if only ‘ghettoised’ programmes, or programmes about groups’ ‘own issues’ are the only ones funded. What we don’t know… • With the exception of studies on disability and Muslims, there have been few recent (post-2000) studies of representation in UK film. As a result we do not know in a systematic way whether the on-screen representation of diverse groups in the UK has changed in the 2000s. • There do not appear to be any UK studies of the way age is portrayed on screen. • We do not know to what extent there is a relationship in the UK between the involvement of diverse groups in the film industry (particularly in decision-making roles) and their on-screen representation. Priorities for action…. • Update the studies into representation on film of women, men, gay men and lesbians (and sexuality more broadly), people from minority ethnic groups, people from different social classes and C:\Documents and Settings\mcorless\Desktop\Intranet\Barriers to Diversity in Film_DS_RB 20 Aug 07.doc 144
occupational groups, people from different UK nations/regions and people from different religious groups in the UK. • Study the relationship between the involvement of diverse groups (or lack of it) in the film industry and on-screen representation of those groups. • Promote the involvement of people from diverse groups in script writing, film development, directing and production decision- making. • Ensure that this involvement happens in a non-ghettoised way. • Study the audience tastes of people from diverse groups. • Study the attitudes of diverse groups to their on-screen representation in recent UK films and recent international releases. • Encourage the funding of films that seek out and serve diverse audiences in a commercially viable way. C:\Documents and Settings\mcorless\Desktop\Intranet\Barriers to Diversity in Film_DS_RB 20 Aug 07.doc 145
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Barriers to Diversity in Film A Res
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CONTENTS Executive summary 7 1 Intr
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3.4 Barriers to progression through
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6.2 The business context 106 6.3 Th
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Executive Summary The review has in
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• Young people need advice on the
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• Disabled people are under-repre
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• Monitor sexual orientation, but
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1.1 Aims 1 Introduction: aims and s
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This review brings together researc
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The Select Committee on Culture, Me
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2.2 Cinema audiences and film relea
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including tackling social exclusion
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2.4 The changing population The UK
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2.5 Diversity and equality of oppor
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The Act also has implications for c
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A new inclusive equalities agenda t
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sectoral and labour market change.
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critical of the failure of equality
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• If the film sector increased th
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3: The film workforce Getting the r
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3.2 Workforce data on under-represe
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Table 3.1 Film and video industry w
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data in these statistics on gender
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London 2006 s 2006 London 2002 e (L
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Other 65 35 All 61 39 Source : 2006
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ecause film professionals from mino
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male respondents earned £50,000 or
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Of 106 applications to the New Cine
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South West 6 23 Source: Skillset an
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Most employees are recruited inform
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and minority ethnic people tending
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3.3.7 Qualifications The 2005 Featu
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very small numbers reported going o
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over their future finances. They al
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women experience ageing differently
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stereotyped as working class, even
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3.4.9 Commissioning and ‘ghettois
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older than the rest of the workforc
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Social benefits from the projects w
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for women who have caring responsib
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involved in a regular dialogue abou
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population, though the regional dis
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Table 4.1 Cinema audience by gender
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Table 4.3 Cinema audience by gender
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Cinema goers 13.1 86.9 PPV buyers 1
Page 93 and 94: general population (perhaps excludi
Page 95 and 96: 4.4 Audiences for film on televisio
Page 97 and 98: Science fiction 1.7 7.1 1.8 7 1.1 3
Page 99 and 100: they were charming and displayed a
Page 101 and 102: ‘Respectable cinema’ including
Page 103 and 104: 4.6 Barriers to cinema attendance B
Page 105 and 106: launched an online Diversity Toolki
Page 107 and 108: • Half of people over 55 never go
Page 109 and 110: o initiatives to improve the distri
Page 111 and 112: All these debates are considered be
Page 113 and 114: 5.3 Employment and portrayal Does e
Page 115 and 116: 5.5 Stereotypes The stereotypical p
Page 117 and 118: Russo analysed representation of ga
Page 119 and 120: than homosexual (Cover op.cit.). Ho
Page 121 and 122: ecause she is lesbian specifically
Page 123 and 124: analyses 150 films and concludes th
Page 125 and 126: The reasons for this under-represen
Page 127 and 128: Reasons behind the illnesses and th
Page 129 and 130: In a major report on the black and
Page 131 and 132: national stereotyping such as funny
Page 133 and 134: indiscriminate killing implies that
Page 135 and 136: people who live abroad like to hang
Page 137 and 138: However, a study in Sweden analysed
Page 139 and 140: the ways these film types have deve
Page 141 and 142: and ethnicity, and in any case, mon
Page 143: • A study of on-screen representa
Page 147 and 148: Our society has changed dramaticall
Page 149 and 150: 6.3 The business case - an overview
Page 151 and 152: 2007). The Commission for Racial Eq
Page 153 and 154: eing disabled. The importance of th
Page 155 and 156: in Western style holidays, but UK t
Page 157 and 158: this specific audience and making a
Page 159 and 160: Positive actions on race equality i
Page 161 and 162: For example, women’s presence in
Page 163 and 164: 6.3.7 Legal compliance Companies ha
Page 165 and 166: • Studies on the business case in
Page 167 and 168: Access to employment in the sector
Page 169 and 170: cinema tickets and rental films, an
Page 171 and 172: have children. Women scientists are
Page 173 and 174: teams encourage creativity. Recruit
Page 175 and 176: minority ethnic women writers or pr
Page 177 and 178: 7.5.7 Decision makers’ attitudes
Page 179 and 180: There is also a need for policy int
Page 181 and 182: has rarely been evaluated for its l
Page 183 and 184: The Leadership on Diversity Forum,
Page 185 and 186: as the key intervention in diversit
Page 187 and 188: housing management. Trainees felt c
Page 189 and 190: voice to otherwise marginalised and
Page 191 and 192: targeted funding for black and mino
Page 193 and 194: Bhavnani R (1994) Black Women in th
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Cowan K and Valentine G (2006) “T
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European Commission (2005) “The B
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199 Institute for Employment Studie
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Murphy R (ed.) (2000) British Cinem
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Skillset and Equity (2006) “Analy
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UN (2000) “Gender and Racial Disc
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Barriers to Diversity in Film – A Research Review – Aug 07

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