Barriers to Diversity in Film – A Research Review – Aug 07

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Once a month 13 15 Once every 2/3 months 90 14 12 2/3 times a year 14 14 Once a year 10 9 Less than once a year 12 7 Never 25 15 Source: (BFI 2000:9) In 2006, minority ethnic groups were once more over-represented as cinema goers, for rental films and pay-per-view (PPV) though under- represented as buyers of DVD/video. Table 4.5 Ethnicity of audiences aged 12-74 for cinema, rental and retail DVD/video 2006 Population aged 12- 74 Buyers of cinema, rental retail and PPV film Black, Asian, Chinese, mixed and other % White % 8.7 91.3 8.4 91.6 Film renters 11.2 88.8 Retail DVD/video buyers 7.6 92.3 C:\Documents and Settings\mcorless\Desktop\Intranet\Barriers to Diversity in Film_DS_RB 20 Aug 07.doc
Cinema goers 13.1 86.9 PPV buyers 15.8 84.2 Source : UK Film Council Statistical Yearbook 2006-07 It may be that higher cinema attendances by minority ethnic groups can be explained by their younger age structure compared to the rest of the population, as younger age groups are more likely to visit the cinema frequently than older people. Access to Bollywood films may be relevant in explaining the higher cinema attendance of South Asian groups: 50% of South Asians reported they went more than once a month compared to 38% of African Caribbeans (BFI 2000). In 2005, minority ethnic groups were over-represented among buyers of cinema tickets and rental films, and under represented in pay-per- view and retail DVD. The figures for 2006 shows that buyers of pay- per-view almost doubled since 2005. It is the second and third generations of minority ethnic groups who go to the cinema frequently; 30% of those born overseas never go to the cinema, compared to 4% of those born in the UK (Bennett et al 2005). 4.3.5 Disabled people As in previous years, disabled people were significantly under- represented among those who paid to go to the cinema in 2006 (UK Film Council Yearbook 2006-7). Retail DVD/Video was the only market segment in which disabled purchasers matched the overall population percentage. C:\Documents and Settings\mcorless\Desktop\Intranet\Barriers to Diversity in Film_DS_RB 20 Aug 07.doc 91
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Barriers to Diversity in Film A Res
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CONTENTS Executive summary 7 1 Intr
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3.4 Barriers to progression through
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6.2 The business context 106 6.3 Th
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Executive Summary The review has in
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• Young people need advice on the
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• Disabled people are under-repre
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• Monitor sexual orientation, but
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1.1 Aims 1 Introduction: aims and s
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This review brings together researc
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The Select Committee on Culture, Me
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2.2 Cinema audiences and film relea
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including tackling social exclusion
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2.4 The changing population The UK
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2.5 Diversity and equality of oppor
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The Act also has implications for c
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A new inclusive equalities agenda t
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sectoral and labour market change.
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critical of the failure of equality
Page 39 and 40: • If the film sector increased th
Page 41 and 42: 3: The film workforce Getting the r
Page 43 and 44: 3.2 Workforce data on under-represe
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1 Film and video industry w
Page 47 and 48: data in these statistics on gender
Page 49 and 50: London 2006 s 2006 London 2002 e (L
Page 51 and 52: Other 65 35 All 61 39 Source : 2006
Page 53 and 54: ecause film professionals from mino
Page 55 and 56: male respondents earned £50,000 or
Page 57 and 58: Of 106 applications to the New Cine
Page 59 and 60: South West 6 23 Source: Skillset an
Page 61 and 62: Most employees are recruited inform
Page 63 and 64: and minority ethnic people tending
Page 65 and 66: 3.3.7 Qualifications The 2005 Featu
Page 67 and 68: very small numbers reported going o
Page 69 and 70: over their future finances. They al
Page 71 and 72: women experience ageing differently
Page 73 and 74: stereotyped as working class, even
Page 75 and 76: 3.4.9 Commissioning and ‘ghettois
Page 77 and 78: older than the rest of the workforc
Page 79 and 80: Social benefits from the projects w
Page 81 and 82: for women who have caring responsib
Page 83 and 84: involved in a regular dialogue abou
Page 85 and 86: population, though the regional dis
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.1 Cinema audience by gender
Page 89: Table 4.3 Cinema audience by gender
Page 93 and 94: general population (perhaps excludi
Page 95 and 96: 4.4 Audiences for film on televisio
Page 97 and 98: Science fiction 1.7 7.1 1.8 7 1.1 3
Page 99 and 100: they were charming and displayed a
Page 101 and 102: ‘Respectable cinema’ including
Page 103 and 104: 4.6 Barriers to cinema attendance B
Page 105 and 106: launched an online Diversity Toolki
Page 107 and 108: • Half of people over 55 never go
Page 109 and 110: o initiatives to improve the distri
Page 111 and 112: All these debates are considered be
Page 113 and 114: 5.3 Employment and portrayal Does e
Page 115 and 116: 5.5 Stereotypes The stereotypical p
Page 117 and 118: Russo analysed representation of ga
Page 119 and 120: than homosexual (Cover op.cit.). Ho
Page 121 and 122: ecause she is lesbian specifically
Page 123 and 124: analyses 150 films and concludes th
Page 125 and 126: The reasons for this under-represen
Page 127 and 128: Reasons behind the illnesses and th
Page 129 and 130: In a major report on the black and
Page 131 and 132: national stereotyping such as funny
Page 133 and 134: indiscriminate killing implies that
Page 135 and 136: people who live abroad like to hang
Page 137 and 138: However, a study in Sweden analysed
Page 139 and 140: the ways these film types have deve
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and ethnicity, and in any case, mon
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• A study of on-screen representa
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occupational groups, people from di
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Our society has changed dramaticall
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6.3 The business case - an overview
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2007). The Commission for Racial Eq
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eing disabled. The importance of th
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in Western style holidays, but UK t
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this specific audience and making a
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Positive actions on race equality i
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For example, women’s presence in
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6.3.7 Legal compliance Companies ha
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• Studies on the business case in
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Access to employment in the sector
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cinema tickets and rental films, an
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have children. Women scientists are
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teams encourage creativity. Recruit
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minority ethnic women writers or pr
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7.5.7 Decision makers’ attitudes
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There is also a need for policy int
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has rarely been evaluated for its l
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The Leadership on Diversity Forum,
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as the key intervention in diversit
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housing management. Trainees felt c
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voice to otherwise marginalised and
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targeted funding for black and mino
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Bhavnani R (1994) Black Women in th
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Cowan K and Valentine G (2006) “T
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European Commission (2005) “The B
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199 Institute for Employment Studie
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Murphy R (ed.) (2000) British Cinem
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Skillset and Equity (2006) “Analy
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UN (2000) “Gender and Racial Disc
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Barriers to Diversity in Film – A Research Review – Aug 07

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