Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

Appendices
158
Glossary
Abnormal migration: unusual movement of pastoralists with
their herd over vast areas towards other regions or neighbouring
countries, from their respective environs of settlement in search of
water and forage. This usually happens when there is a shortage
of seasonal rains or rainfall failure.
Agropastoral: people who derive their living from both crop
production and livestock rearing.
Balli/War: a seasonal rainwater catchment system, which is an
unlined dug-out (dam), usually 2-3 m deep;. This is important for
meeting water demands during dry periods or where there is no
permanent water source.
Berkad: underground water reservoir, lined or un-lined, excavated
to store surface runoff; commonly found in the northern and central
regions.
cereal Balance sheet (cBs): the aggregate picture of the cereal
supply (production, imports, food aid) and utilization (feed, food,
processing and other utilization); it includes also the available
information on seed rates, waste coefficients, stock changes, per
capita dietary energy, fat and protein supplies from cereals as
well as the estimated deficit or surplus of cereals. CBS is usually
compiled twice a year (February and August) after the end of Deyr
and Gu seasons.
chronic food insecurity: a long-term or persistent inability to meet
minimum food requirements.
civil insecurity: exposure of the civilians to, and lack of protection
from, the effects of a war between or among political factions or
regions within the same country.
consumer price index (cpi): a measure of the average change
over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket
of consumer goods and services. FSNAU computes an urban
Consumer Price Index (CPI) on a quarterly basis to measure the
effects of price inflation on the urban livelihoods’ ability to afford
the basic of cost of living. The average percentage change in the
current minimum expenditure basket (MEB) costs is calculated in
reference to the March 2007 MEB cost. Laspeyres Weighted Price
Index methodology is applied in the computation.
coping strategies: the activities that households engage in
to access food and cash income when their normal livelihood
strategies are undermined by a shock or hazard. These activities
may include, and are not limited to, increased livestock sales or
collection of wild foods, sending household members to work
in town, reducing quality of food consumed, etc. Actual coping
strategies are generally categorised into a) insurance strategies;
b) crisis strategies and c) distress strategies.
cost of Minimum expenditure Basket (cMB): the average
monthly costing of the minimum market (expenditure) basket.
Desheks: natural depressions in low lying areas that receive water
from river floods or flash floods in the event of torrential rains in the
surrounding as well as the Ethiopian highlands. They are mostly
found in the Juba regions. River or flash floods provide opportunities
for off-season flood recessional food (mainly cereals) and cash
crop production, when flood water recedes.
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
Deyr: a short rainy season, normally occurring from mid-October to
mid-December in most parts of Somalia, apart from Awdal and W.
Galbeed regions. It is a secondary agricultural season, contributing
about 30 percent to annual cereal production.
Domestic Cereal Deficit: the negative balance between domestic
total cereal production (Gu/Deyr/off-season production) plus net
imports and domestic cereal utilization.
early Warning Levels: refers to the three levels (Watch,
Moderate Risk, High Risk) indicating a Risk of Worsening
phase associated with key information required for effective
early warning: probability, severity, reference hazards and
vulnerabilities, implications for action and timeline.
• Watch: occurrence of, or predicted hazard event stressing
livelihoods, with low or uncertain vulnerability and capacity;
needs close monitoring and analysis.
• Moderate risk: occurrence of, or predicted hazard event
stressing livelihoods; close monitoring and analysis is crucial.
• High risk: occurrence of, or strongly predicted major hazard
event stressing livelihoods; with high vulnerability and low
capacity. Preventative interventions with increased urgency
for high risk populations is highly recommended.
export quality goat: a male goat of good quality (2-3 years with
size relative to the region of origin) exported to external markets.
Famine: while there are various definitions of famine, many food
security analysis agencies, including FSNAU and FEWS NET,
use the definition reflected in the Integrated Food Security Phase
Classification (IPC) version 1.1. According to the IPC, evidence of
three specific outcomes is required for a famine to be declared:
(1) at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages with
limited ability to cope; (2) the prevalence of global acute malnutrition
must exceed 30 percent and (3) crude death rates must exceed 2
deaths per 10,000 people per day.
Focus Group discussion (FGd): is a group discussion of
approximately 6-12 persons sharing at least one characteristic
and Guided by a facilitator, during which group members talk freely
and spontaneously about a certain topic. Its purpose is to obtain
in-depth information on concepts, perceptions and ideas of a group
that represent the community.
Food access: access by individuals to adequate resources
(entitlements) for acquiring appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.
Entitlements are defined as the set of all commodity bundles over
which a person can establish command given the legal, political,
economic and social arrangements of the community in which
they live (including traditional rights such as access to common
resources).
Food availability: the availability of sufficient quantities of food
of appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or
imports (including food aid).
Food security: exists when all people, at all times, have physical
and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet