Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

Appendices
160
Karan: an important short rainy season, normally occurring from
the end of July to September in Awdal and Waqooyi Galbeed
regions and western parts of Togdheer. In the Northwest, there is
mainly one cycle of cereal production annually (planted in late April)
and it is harvested in November and early December. Karan rains
usually start at the seedling stage of the Gu crops; the seasonal
crop production depends on its performance.
Key informant: an individual with a particular knowledge or
expertise of the area or livelihood; this could be a community
leader, market trader, etc.
Livelihood assets: capitals that people draw upon to make a
living. They are categorized into the following five groups: human,
social, natural, physical, financial, and political capitals
• Human capital: skills, knowledge, health and ability to
work, literacy levels
• social capital: social resources, including informal networks,
membership of formalized groups and relationships of trust
that facilitate co-operation and economic opportunities
• natural capital: natural resources such as land, soil, water,
forests and fisheries
• physical capital: basic infrastructure, such as roads, water
and sanitation, schools, and producer goods, including
tools, livestock and equipment
• Financial capital: financial resources including savings,
credit, and income from employment, trade and remittances
Livelihood baseline: quantified analysis of sources of food and
income and of expenditure for households in each wealth group
over a defined reference period.
Livelihood strategies: the ways in which households and
individuals utilize and combine their assets to obtain food, income
and other goods and services.
Livelihood zone: geographical areas within which people share
broadly the same patterns of access to food and income, and have
the same access to markets. They also have similar responses
to shocks. In Somalia, these zones broadly include: agricultural
(riverine), agropastoral, pastoral and urban.
Livelihood: comprises the capabilities, assets (including both
material and social resources) and activities required for a means
of living.
Local quality goat: A male or female goat sold at local markets
for domestic use.
Long Term Average (LTA) : the normal observation over a period
of time. The long term average estimates for Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) is calculated from data from 1999 up to
the recent year, whereas Rainfall Estimates (RFE) are derived from
interpolated rain-gauge data for the period 1920-1980.
Minimum expenditure Basket (MeB): Minimum expenditure
Basket (MeB): is a basket of both basic food (2,100 kilocalories/
person/day basic energy requirement) and non food items, based
on general patterns of consumption of poor households’ in urban
areas, necessary for maintaining a minimum standard of living. It
is designed to sustain a household of 6-7 members in a period of
one month. MEB in Somalia was developed applying a standard
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
methodology outlined in the World Bank’s (WB) Poverty Manual.
Multi-stage cluster sampling: a kind of complex sample design
in which two or more levels of units are embedded one in the
other. For example: geographic areas (primary units), villages
(secondary units), households (tertiary units). At each stage, a
sample of the corresponding units is selected. At first, a sample
of primary units is selected, then, in each of those selected, a
sample of secondary units is selected, and so on. All ultimate units
(individuals, for instance) selected at the last step of this procedure
are then surveyed.
normalised difference Vegetation index (ndVi): is an index
used to measure the amount and vigor of vegetation on the land
surface. Generally values range from -1.0 to 1.0, with negative
values indicating clouds and water, positive values close to zero
indicating bare soil, and higher positive values of NDVI ranging
from sparse vegetation (0.1 - 0.5) to dense green vegetation (0.6
and above).
nutrition security: a situation in which all individuals and
households are food secure, have good access to preventive and
curative health care, and undertake healthy and sustainable care
practices.
pastoralists: a person whose primary occupation is the raising of
livestock and who derives more than half of his/her income from
livestock and livestock products. This may have a mobile aspect -
moving the herds in search of fresh pasture and water.
petty trade: a trade that is conducted on a small scale, a sale of
small, inexpensive items.
probability proportional to size (pps): is a sampling technique
for use in surveys in which the probability of selecting a sampling
unit (e.g., village, zone, district etc.,) is proportional to the size of its
population. It gives a probability (random representative) sample.
It is most useful when the sampling units vary considerably in
size because it assures that those in larger sites have the same
probability of getting into the sample as those in smaller sites,
and vice verse.
purchasing power: is a measurement of the relative value of
money in terms of the quality and quantity of goods and services
it can buy.
post-War Average (pWA) of crop production: longitudinal
agricultural data that spans back to 1995 in the South and 1999
in the Northwest after the end the civil war (1991). It is used as a
benchmark against which current crop production estimates in
FSNAUs’ analysis process are measured.
productive work: Refers to the work that produces goods and
services for exchange in the market place for income. Historically,
men predominate this type of work although there are many women
who also work in the production sector. This kind of work has a higher
status and is given value.
Koranic schools: also referred to as the madrasah (an Islamic
theological seminary and law school attached to a mosque) where
Islamic teaching, including memorization of the Quran (a religious
text of Islam, also sometimes transliterated as Kuran, Koran, Qur’ān,
Coran or al-Qur’ān) is conducted. These schools are responsible for
the religious education of the Muslim children according to Islamic
law and do not provide secular education.
Rainfall estimates (RFe): these are estimates used to measure
the amount of precipitation. They work by converting radiation
measurements to precipitation information.