Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

in Gedo. Despite these instances, production of the Gu was
significantly below the post-war average.
Human Capital
Nutrition situation: In July 2012, FSNAU and partners
undertook 10 nutrition surveys in the urban population of
Somalia. Five regional surveys were conducted in northwest
regions, two in northeast, two in central regions and one in
Mogadishu town. In the northwest regions, Gu 2012 survey
findings depict Alert or Serious nutrition situations in urban
populations and show varied trends from January 2012. The
nutrition situation remains Alert, with GAM rates in the 5-9.9
percent range in W. Galbeed and Sanaag regions. In Awdal
and Sool regions, the nutrition situation is sustained in the
Serious phase with GAM rates of 10-14.9%. In Togdheer
region, the nutrition situation has deteriorated from Alert in
January 2012 to Serious with a GAM rate of 14.7 percent
(10.5-20.3). In the Northeast regions, the nutrition situation
among the urban populations is either sustained or has
deteriorated since January 2012. For example, the situation
has deteriorated in Bari region to a Critical phase from
Serious while the situation is in a sustained Serious phase
in Nugal region.
In the central regions, the nutrition situation is Critical both
in Galgadud and Mudug regions with GAM rates of 15-19.9
percent. In Mudug, the findings indicate deterioration from
the Serious phase in December 2011 when GAM and SAM
rates of 14.9% (11.7-18.7) and 4.15 (2.4-6.9) respectively
were recorded. A survey was not conducted in Galgadud in
December 2011.
In the South, the nutrition situation in Mogadishu is in Serious
phase with a GAM rate of 10.8 percent (8.3-13.9), sustained
since April 2012 which is an improvement from Very Critical
in January 2012. However, due to security reasons, it was
not possible to undertake nutrition surveys in the other urban
livelihoods zones of the southern regions. Nevertheless the
nutrition situation in these regions is likely Very Critical, and
consistent with the rural livelihood. For details, refer to the
Nutrition Technical Series Report at http://www.fsnau.org/
products/technical-series
Access to education: Access to primary school education
varies across the country. About 75-85 percent of the
households in the northern regions reported they had primary
school age children. About 10 percent of households with
primary school-age children reported that they could not
afford sending their children to schools due to lack of school
fees sickness, child labour (income earning and household
domestic work.
In the South-Central, the qualitative results indicate low
access to primary schools where about 28-45 percent of the
urban poor could send their children to primary school; this
result is comparable to the December 2011 results. The key
factors behind the low attendance included insecurity, limited
school services and, where access services are available,
inability to pay the schooling costs.
Physical Capital
Housing and residency status: In the North, about
96 percent of the households reported to be permanent
residents while the rest were temporary residents or IDPs.
Housing types vary among the urban population and consist
of houses made of tarpaulin and rugs, corrugated sheets,
wood and stones. In the North, about two-thirds (76%)
of the households are stone houses, while 10 percent of
households are made of corrugated-sheeting; the rest of
the inhabitants live in tarpaulin-made houses (12%), or in
wooden houses (2%). About 17 percent of urban households
in the North have only one room, 36 percent have two rooms
and the rest have more than 2 rooms with a maximum
number of 6 rooms. However, more than half of these urban
households experience overcrowding: 3-4 people per room
in 39 percent of households and 5 or more people per room
in 17 percent of households. In Mogadishu, about threefourths
(74%) of the household inhabitants surveyed live in
stone houses, 13 percent in wooden houses and 12 percent
in corrugated-sheet-made houses.
Housing in the Northern Regions
Figure 17: Housing in the Northern Regions
% of households
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
76.3
11.9
Stone Tarpauline Corrugated Sheet Wooden
Main types of housing
In other parts of South-Central, where rapid assessments
were conducted, the main housing types reported among the
urban poor are those made of corrugated sheets (Galgaduud
and South Mudug) and wooden and corrugated-sheeting
houses in the southern regions. The number of rooms in
houses of the urban poor are in the range of 1-3 and the
number of people per room ranges between 2 and 6.
Energy: The main sources of energy for cooking among
the urban population are charcoal and firewood. Charcoal
use is more common in the northern regions where 66-95
percent of households use it, with the rest using firewood.
In the South-Central, firewood is the most common source
of cooking energy.
Access to water: The rapid assessment results in South-
Central revealed that two-thirds of the urban poor had per
capita water consumption of 7.5-15 litres per person per
day, which is below the recommended minimum per capita
of 15 litres. This is considered a crisis situation. No data was
available from the other parts of the country.
9.6
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
2.2
Urban Analysis
37