Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

kidding/lambing rates of small ruminants.
However, camel milk availability in most livelihoods is still
below average due to low calving rates. The poor pastoralist
in Coastal Deeh still experiences constraints in own food
production owing to the limited number of lactating animals.
In the agropastoral livelihoods of Mudug and Galgadud, the
total crop failure observed during the assessment was due to
pests at an early stage of crop development, high winds and
moisture stress. Terms of Trade (ToT) have been improving
since the last Deyr. This improvement in the ToT condition is
associated with the improved livestock market value, lower
prices in local cereals and imported commodities, the huge
inflow of humanitarian assistance in Southern and Central
Somalia and the appreciated SoSh against USD.
Market Purchases
In the Cowpea Belt and Coastal Deeh livelihoods, the ToT
between goat/red rice indicated an improvement (Jun’11-
Jun’12:152%; Jan-Jun’12: 70%) due to declined cereal price
and increased goat price, however there was a marginal
decline (3%) in August 2012. The ToT declined in August’12
as a result of a decrease in goat price (11%). In Hawd and
Addun, the ToT between local goat quality and rice improved
(Jun’11-Jun’12: 46%, Jan-Jun’12-54% and 3% in Aug’12)
due to increased livestock market value and lower cereal
prices (Figure 47). This is attributable to a decline in red
sorghum price during the three comparison periods (Jun’11-
Jun’12; Jan-Jun’12; Jun – Aug ’12). The imported commodity
prices showed an increasing trend; for instance, Sugar and
vegetable oil prices declined from SoSh 37,350 per kg and
SoSh 65,500 per litre in June 2011 to 26,480 per kg and
53,800 per litre in June 2012, lower than (29%) and (18%)
respectively. Sugar declined by 13 percent compared to
January 2012, while vegetable oil remained stable. In August,
sugar and vegetable oil declined by 6 percent and 14 percent
respectively due to the appreciation of the Somali shilling and
decreases in global prices of some of imported commodities.
Income Sources
Income from livestock sales increased in most of the pastoral
livelihoods due to increased export demand during the
Ramadan and subsequent Eid periods as well as increased
sales in the domestic markets. In this season, the livestock
body condition improved resulting in favorable livestock
prices. Due to failed crop production, no income was obtained
failed cowpea crop, Hobyo , Mudug , FSNAU, July 2012
Figure 47: Trends in Terms of Trade Goat Local Quality
to Imported Red Rice 1kg Central Regions
from crop sales. The poor households were also involved
in other income generating activities such as bush product
collections. In Hawd and Addun remittances remained a
significant source of income, however, this is expected to
decline as food security improves in these livelihoods.
Coping Strategies
The poor households in the drought affected livelihoods
of the Central region continue to experience food access
constraints as a result of the effects of previous droughts
that resulted in extreme asset losses, particularly in the
Coastal Deeh and Cowpea Belt. Therefore, they are reliant
on traditional social support such as food gifts, cash gifts and
loans, which are becoming increasingly overstretched. Other
coping strategies by poor households include food assistance
by relief agencies (Hawd and Addun), sale of bush products,
collection of building stones, and a reduced number of meals
per day from 3 to 2 (in Coastal Deeh).
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
Regional Analysis
67