Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

Regional Analysis
70
Physical Capital
In most of the Coastal Deeh livelihood road infrastructure
is poor, restricting transportation, the flow of goods and
access to the main markets in the main settlements and the
most remote rural areas. The inland road infrastructure and
feeder roads have deteriorated over the years. Additionally,
some boreholes in the Coastal Deeh are not functioning and
therefore require immediate rehabilitation. There is some
improvement in the extension of telecommunication services
to most rural settlements of the Bari and Nugal regions,
which has linked urban and rural communities. A significant
number of settlements and villages in this region still lack
health facilities and schools for basic education.
Social Capital: The poor and lower middle wealth groups
have access to zakat in the form of livestock. However,
in Coastal Deeh, the traditional social support to poor
households is limited and overstretched due to the effects of
successive poor seasons. Access to credit in the form of cash
or in-kind improved among most of the pastoralist households
except for those in the Coastal Deeh of Bari, Sool Plateau
and lower parts of Nugal as they have outstanding debt
and limited saleable livestock. Remittance levels increased
during Ramadan and Idd-Al-Fitri festivities. Humanitarian
interventions (cash relief, food vouchers) continued to play
an important role in Bari, Nugal and northern Mudug.
Human Capital: In most pastoral livelihoods, education and
health services are limited due to poor infrastructure (MCHS,
Health posts and schools), lack of qualified personnel,
inadequate medical supplies and low incentives for teachers
and nurses. The post Gu 2012 integrated nutrition situation
analysis classifies the nutrition situation of the population
in the East Golis/Karkaar/Dharoor livelihood zones of Bari
region as Serious (GAM rate of 13.9% and SAM rate of
4.1%). In Sool Plateau of Bari and Nugal the nutrition situation
remained in the Serious phase since Deyr 2011/12 (GAM
rate of 11.3% and a SAM rate of 1.7%). Nugal Valley was
Very Critical a deterioration from the Critical levels in Deyr
2011/12 (GAM rate of 20.1% and a SAM rate of 5.4%). In
Coastal Deeh, the populations of Nugal, Bari and North
Mudug regions sustained Serious levels since Deyr 2011/12
(GAM rate of 12.8 % and SAM rate of 3.5%). The nutrition
situation in the livelihood was mitigated by increased milk
access in the area, following successive good Deyr 2011/12
and Gu 2012 rains and localized humanitarian interventions
such as cash relief, food aid, health and nutrition. The 90
days retrospective crude (CDR) indicated an Acceptable
situation according to UNICEF classification.
Financial Capital: Overall livestock production and
reproduction increased herd sizes in most parts of the
Northeast apart from Coastal Deeh. This is due to medium
kidding/lambing of small ruminants and low to medium
calving of camels. However, in the projection period (Aug-
Dec’12), livestock holding for most of the poor households
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
remains below baseline levels in all livelihoods of the
Northeast, although Hawd, Addun, Karkaar/Dharoor and
East Golis have somewhat better livestock holding.
EFFECTS ON LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES
In normal times, pastoralists in the Northeast regions obtain
60-80 percent of their food from market purchases, while
the remaining 20-40 percent comes from own production
(milk, ghee and meat). The main sources of income include
livestock sales (50-60%) and livestock product sales (15-
25%). Supplementary income for the poor comes from
labour employment, which accounts for 20-30 percent of
the total income.
Food Sources
Own Production: Overall, pastoral households’ own
production (meat and milk) significantly improved this
season in Addun, Hawd, parts of Karkaar/Dharoor, Sool
and the northern Nugal livelihood zones. However, in the
Coastal Deeh and pockets of eastern Golis and Karkaar-
Dharoor livelihoods, the opposite was observed because
of low kidding and calving rates as well as a poor seasonal
performance.
Medium camel calving –Sool Plateau. Qardho, Bari,
FSNAU July. 2012
Market Purchase: In this region, households mainly rely on
market purchases as the main food source. This season,
the purchasing power for the majority of pastoralists in this
region improved as a result of favourable livestock prices
and declined prices of staple cereals and imported food
commodities. In June 2012, in Garowe and Bossaso markets,
ToT between local quality goat and rice increased by 16
percent (from 67kg to 78kg) compared to January 2012; by
13 percent (from 69kg to 78kg) (Figure 48) compared to the
same time the previous year; and by 8 percent in August 2012
as goat prices slightly increased and rice prices declined.
Similarly, ToT between local quality goat and red sorghum
in the same markets increased by 14 percent (from 58 kg to
66kg) in June 2012 compared to January; only marginally
(2%) compared to the same time of the previous year; and
by 9 percent in August 2012.