Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

IDP Analysis
42
Figure 23: Sources of water: North, Central and South
IDPs
% of households
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Household connec7on Stand pipes Tankers
Protected shallow wells Unprotected shallow wells Berkads
Other
Energy for cooking: Firewood is the major source of energy
for the majority of IDPs. In the North, 85-95 percent of IDPs
depend on firewood for cooking energy except for Hargeisa
where the majority of IDPs (72%) use charcoal and Berbera
where firewood and charcoal are equally important. In the
South-Central, firewood is the only source of energy reported
by the IDPs.
Access to water: IDPs access water through different sources
with different safety levels. In the North, most of the water
sources provide safe water and include standing pipes
(all settlements) and tankers (Hargeisa, Burco, Bossaso,
Qardho). However, IDPs in other areas mostly use water
from unprotected (unsafe) shallow wells. In Banaadir, primary
sources of water are standing pipes such as kiosks, public
taps, or storage tanks (about 70% of households) followed
by tankers (9%). However, about six percent of IDPs in this
settlement used unsafe water from open shallow wells and
other minor water sources such as berkads (unsafe). The
assessed IDPs in the South-Central obtained water from
different sources. IDPs in Galgaduud (Abudwaq) and Middle
Shabelle (Jowhar) accessed safe water from standing pipes
while the IDPs in in Hiran (Beledweyne), Gedo (Beledhawa)
and Bay (Baidoa) accessed water through unsafe sources
such as rivers and shallow wells.
Figure 24: Per Capita Water Consumption of IDPs in
the North
45%
15%
3%
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
37%
Water: >15 ltrs ppd Water: 7.5‐15 ltrs ppd
Water: 4‐7.5 l5s pppd Water: < 4 ltrs ppd
Not all the IDPs had adequate water for consumption. The
results indicated that about 63 percent of the IDP households
in the North and 61 percent in Banadir reported water
consumption level of less than the required minimum level of
15 litres per person per day. About 18 percent in the North and
14 percent in Mogadishu have the worst water access of less
than 7.5 litres per person per day. The rest consumed 7.5-15
litres per person per day. The per capita water consumption
for IDPs in the South-Central ranged between 12-15 litres
per person per day. The inadequate access to water in the
North and Banadir is attributed to inability to purchase water
as well as long distances to fetch water.
Social Capital
The surveyed IDPs across the country stated that remittances
were not common. However, some of these IDPs reported to
have had access to cash and food from the host communities
and humanitarian organizations in the three months
preceding the survey. For example, 26 percent of IDPs in the
North reported to have obtained food aid products. Access
to food aid in this zone was highest (44-47% of households)
in Burao, Galkayo and Qardho while the lowest access was
reported in Hargeisa (6% of households) and Berbera (15%
of households). About 5 percent of these IDPs reported to
have had access to community donated food gifts and a
similar number reported to have had access to food for work
implemented by humanitarian agencies. Similarly, the IDPs
in Dhusamareb and Abudwaq (Central) and other parts in
the South, particularly in Banadir, Hiran (Beledweyne), Gedo
(Beledhawa), and Bay (Baidoa) reported access to some
food assistance.
Financial Capital
The majority of the IDPs have a poor asset base caused
by insecurity, droughts or other calamities as well as
inadequate food access and poor income options. Only a few
IDPs reported ownership of sheep/goats and chicken: On
average about 8 percent reported to own sheep and goats
(4 to 10 heads per household) with the highest proportions
of households in Burco (28% of households) and Galkayo
(22%). Ownership of poultry (3-5 chicken) was reported by
an average of only 7 percent of IDPs in the settlements in
the Northwest (Hargeisa, Berbera and Burco).
Debt levels: The proportion of IDPs who were indebted
were significantly lower than their urban counterparts. This
is attributed to inability to access loans due to financial
constraints. On average, about 15 percent of IDP households
in the northern settlements reported to be indebted compared
to two-thirds of the urban households. In the South-Central,
the average household debt is equivalent to SoSh 700,000,
which is comparably lower than their urban poor counterparts
(SoSh 800,000-1,500,000).