Fsnau-Post-Gu-2012-Technical-Report

their dietary needs, and food preferences for an active and healthy
life (Source: World Food Summit, 1996).
Gender: Refers to the socially constructed roles, responsibilities
and identities for women and men and how these are valued in
society. They are culture-specific and they change over time.
Gender identities define how women and men are expected
to think and act and these behaviors are learned in the family,
schools, religious teaching and the media. We may grow up
as girls and boys, but we are taught to be women and men with
appropriate behaviour, values attitudes, roles and activities
pertaining to each sex.
Gender Analysis: This is a tool for examining the difference
between the roles that women and men play; the different
level of power they hold; their differing needs, constraints and
opportunities; and the impact of these differences on their lives.
Evidence based gender analysis is required to inform policy
reforms, design gender equality programmes, strategies and
actions.
Gender-based violence: Refers to any act of violence that results
in, or is likely to Violence result in physical, sexual or psychological
harm or suffering to women, girls, boys and men on the basis of
gender.
Gender indicator: An indicator is a measurement of change over
time. It is also a signal of a change. The change may be measured
in terms of quantity, quality and timeliness. A gender indicator is
that which is sex-disaggregated, specific, logical, realistic, relevant,
valid and sensitive.
Gender parity: Gender parity means a 50:50 ratio of male and
females in access to political, social and economic resources/
participation in both private and public domain. For example,
in analyzing gender parity in education, a comparison of female
learners’ level of access to education with that of male learners’
access at each school phase.
Gender parity index (Gpi ): Is a measure of disparity between
boys’ and girls’ school attendance. If the GPI is 1, the country is at
gender parity. A GPI above 1 indicates disparity in favour of girls
and a GPI below 1 disparity in favour of boys
Gender perspective: A gender perspective approach may take
several forms varying from those focussing primarily on the
individual as the means to bringing about change, to those taking
a wider scope and attempting to transform the society and culture
in which women are living.
Gu: the main rainy season normally occurring from mid-April to
June across Somalia. It is the major rainy season, contributing 70
percent of the annual cereal production of Somalia.
Hagaa: a minor dry season occurring from July to September
across Somalia, apart from Awdal and W. Galbeed regions.
Hajj: the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, during the
month of Dhu al-Hijja (the last month of Islamic year), at least once
in a lifetime, as an obligatory religious duty for every Muslim, male or
female that are able-bodied and can financially afford it. It is the Fifth
Pillar of Islam and a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim
people, and their submission to Allah. On the 3 rd day of Hajj (or the
10 th day of Dhu al-Hijja), the pilgrims sacrifice animals (sheep or
goat per person or one camel or cattle per 7 people) after casting
stones at Jumrah-tul-Aqba (one of three small hills for throwing the
stones). In 2010, Hajj period was in November.
Household: A group of people, each with different abilities and
needs, who live together most of the time and contribute to a
common household economy, and share the food and other
income from this.
idp (internally displaced people): persons or groups of persons
who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or
places of habitual residence, in particular, as a result of, or in order
to avoid, the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized
violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made
disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized
State border (United Nations report, Guiding Principles on Internal
Displacement)
indicator: a specific variable, or combination of variables, that
gives insight into a particular aspect of the situation.
Inflation: an overall rise in the prices of goods and services in
an economy. There is an inverse relationship between the prices
of goods and services and the value of money in an economy:
other things being equal, as prices rise over time, a given amount
of money will be able to purchase a fewer and fewer goods and
services. Computationally, inflation is referred to as the percent
change in the CPI.
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC): it is a
standardized scale that integrates food security, nutrition and
livelihood information into a clear statement about the nature
and severity of a crisis and implications for a strategic response
within the five varying levels (referred to as ‘phases’). It is based
on outcomes on human lives and livelihoods and creates a forum
for reaching technical consensus. These phases included: phase
1A/1B - Generally Food Secure (GFs), phase 2 - Moderately/
Borderline Food Insecure (BFi), phase 3 - Acute Food and
Livelihood Crisis (AFLc), phase 4 - Humanitarian Emergency (He),
and phase 5 - Famine/Humanitarian Catastrophe. Additionally, it
focuses on situation analysis (identifying foundational aspects
and trends of a given situation in terms ofthe magnitude, severity,
geographic extent, causes, etc.) and communication.
• Generally Food secure (GFs): an adequate and stable food
access with moderate to low risk of sliding into phases 3, 4 or 5.
• Borderline Food insecure (BFi): a borderline adequate food
access with recurrent high risk (due to probable hazard events
and high vulnerability) of sliding into phase 3, 4 or 5.
• Acute Food and Livelihood crisis (AFLc): a highly stressed
and critical lack of food access with high and above usual
malnutrition and accelerated depletion of livelihood assets
that, if continued, will slide the population into Humanitarian
Emergency or Catastrophe and/or likely result in chronic poverty.
• Humanitarian emergency (He): severe lack of food access
with an excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition,
and irreversible livelihood asset stripping.
• Famine/Humanitarian catastrophe: extreme social upheaval
with a complete lack of food access and/or other basic needs
where mass starvation, death and displacement are evident.
Jilaal: a long dry season from mid-December to mid-April March
across Somalia.
FSNAU Technical Series Report No. VI 48
Issued October 18, 2012
Appendices
159