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— ; 108 their own food in the hush. In 1842, a few sheep were added to the stock. There is not much game on the island, but fish is in abundance on its shores. The Indians collected here, belong chietiy to the Ottawa and Chippewa tribes j tiie former, who immigrated from the United States, have all their lives been Indian farmers; some of them brought horses and stock to the island. On their an-ival they sought no other means of subsistence than the produce of the soil, and the fish they caught in the immediate neighbourhood of their own village and in the autumn, each family cured a sufficiency to supply them tlirongh the winter; consequently it was not necessary for them to leave their homes in search of food, nor to trust, like the Chippewas, to the precarious resource of spearing fish through the ice. The Chippewas, on the other hand, who had never, until collected at Manitoulin, cultivated the soil, Avere slow in adopting a new mode of life. For some time they were reluctant to settle in a fixed place of residence; they frequently shifted their camps, and although many of them lived within a day's journey from the new settlement, and admitted the benefits arising from a change of life, still it required much persuasion and perseverance to induce them to make a commencement. The Oltawas, moreover, had long been converted from heathenism, and were members of the Roman Catholic church. In 1838, they were joined by a priest of that persuasion, who has since resided with them at Wcquemakoug. The Chippewas. on the contrary, were all heathens, and the work of conversion only commenced among them in the same year, when a missionary of the Church of England, attached to the establishment, arrived at the island. These differences will account for the greater increase of the settlement at Wequemakong, and its more rapid progress in the cultivation of the land, and the acquisition of stock, which are exhibited in the following table: Extent of Land cleared, and of Stock owned at the two Settlemtnts in Feb. 184;3: Acres of Land cleared Horses Horned Cattle Pigs Sheep Barn-door Fowls Geese Wequemakong. Masitowawning- 200 • Some families have perhaps ten acres or more cleared, whilst others have only a patch under cultivation. Their principal support at both villages is now derived from farming and fishing; ti)ey sometimes kill hares, partridges, and even deer and b'/ars. They also manufacture considerable quantities of maple sugar of very excellent quaiit}'; for whieh they find a ready market at Penetanguishene, (Joderich, and sometimes in the towns on the American frontier. The land in the village is laid out in half acre lots, and a few farms of fifty acres were in the commencement surveyed and staked out; but the labour and expense were found too great, and each Indian now selects such place as he pleases, and takes possession of it, in most cases, without consulting the superintendent or chiefs. As long as he continues to cultivate his piece of land, he enjoys quiet possession of it; bnt if he happens to leave it for a season, some other Indian Mill most likely enter ui)on it; and in such cases, there is frequently a difficulty in arran.iiing the nuitter amicably. With regard to tlieir mode of agriculture, they are improving but slowly. They are now beginning to plough their old fields, to make more substantial fences, to cultivate garden vegetables, &c. Each individual cultivates his farm separaii'ly. Fonrierly the Ottawas were pretty well supplied with hoes, and an inferior kind of small axe. The Chiiipewas had a smaller q\iantity of the same iniploraents. Loth tribes, in planting, supplied the deficiency witii a crooked stick
109 CDTivimiently shiipcd for the i)\irposc. At present tho •rovefninent has supplied tliem with a suthcieney of these articles, and with a few spades, .shovels, ploughs, haJTows, pick-axcs, &c. The men, of all a;;es, do most of the choppini,', but after that, men, women, and children take share in the labour, from the burning of tiie timber to tint reapin^j of the cn)p. Tile fondness of the converted Indians for hunting and fishing is decidedly diiiiinished. They seldom leave the island for either purpose. They occasionally go out spearing fish at night, or set their nets in the evening, and" take tliem U[i
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HlJiv -'JUJMbUl- ^/âiAiriii dn>- '
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:î^ i/^
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ROWSKI.L8 AND THOMSON, PillNTERS, T
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. ! P E 15 F A C E In compiling thi
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CANADIAN GAZETTEER. ADDINGTON. A Co
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This is a triangular-shaped townshi
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" Eric, are very beautiful; the swe
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ASPHODEL. A Township in the Colbome
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: BARTON VILLE. A small Settlement
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— 11 The following abstract from
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13 branch, the two forming what is
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— 15 the south by Normanby. This
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'. 50 17 BOND HEAD. A small Village
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19 Presbyterian, Catholic, two Meth
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21 BIIOCKVILLE. The District Town o
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— 20 of lakes that runs through t
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— I : 2ft •tores, two druggists
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27 and on the north-west by Alfred
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: 29 CARLETON, COUNTY OF.—(See Da
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31 and south by Lake Erie. In Charl
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33 CHURCHVILLE. greatest importance
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35 Room, which are liberally forwar
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37 Mariposa, seven; North Monau'han
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39 the town and the River St. Lawre
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— 41 the tO'Wnship. Ouraborland i
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— 43 mills, and one distillery in
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45 is very beautiful. Large quantit
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47 Otonabee River, There is some go
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49 There are two inills (grist and
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I 51 and its tributaries: it is pre
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63 Iftiver Rideau takes its rise in
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55 ENNISKILLEN. A Township in the W
Page 71 and 72: 57 ETORICOKE. A Township in the Hom
Page 73 and 74: 59 Fitzroy Harbour is situated in t
Page 75 and 76: 61 FREDERIOKSBURGH. A Township in t
Page 77 and 78: 63 fifty-five acres of Crown lands
Page 79 and 80: 65 Goderich is fifty-nine miles fro
Page 81 and 82: 67 GOIIGICHIN LAKE. A continmition
Page 83 and 84: — 69 I lie site of the Six Nation
Page 85 and 86: 71 The following produce passed thr
Page 87 and 88: , 73 the township, from north to so
Page 89 and 90: — 75 Professions and Trades.—On
Page 91 and 92: — 77 Exports front fhu Port of Ha
Page 93 and 94: 79 HAWKESBTJRY VILLAGE, or IIEADPOR
Page 95 and 96: Good 81 Markham, Pickering, Scarhor
Page 97 and 98: — 83 Timb'M- principally hardwood
Page 99 and 100: 85 south by Thurlow. In IIuritinj;:
Page 101 and 102: 87 •several yards of sandy and pr
Page 103 and 104: : — Government and District Offic
Page 105 and 106: 91 acres of Crown lands are open fo
Page 107 and 108: 93 Specific gravitj- Aniih/sis of t
Page 109 and 110: , the 95 40.497 acres are taken up.
Page 111 and 112: 97 LATIMER'S CORNER. A small Settle
Page 113 and 114: ! No ' 112,633 Iroiii 99 the presen
Page 115 and 116: 101 The follo-winp; Government and
Page 117 and 118: 103 LOUTH. A Township in the Niagar
Page 119 and 120: 105 and on the south hy Tiake Erie.
Page 121: 107 and at some seasons not one. Th
Page 125 and 126: Ill settled about twenty-five years
Page 127 and 128: 113 present village was only commen
Page 129 and 130: Hi The principal towns and rillapes
Page 131 and 132: 117 MINTO. A I'ownship in the Welli
Page 133 and 134: 119 (.niUivat'ion, This is a triang
Page 135 and 136: 121 topscriptlon. Exports from Napa
Page 137 and 138: — 123 The to\vnshi]>s in front of
Page 139 and 140: 125 1 ")0 feet alKive the level of
Page 141 and 142: — 127 Americans, A little to the
Page 143 and 144: — — : - 129 1S24 to Qticenston
Page 145 and 146: 131 ••ast corner, on the town-l
Page 147 and 148: ; 133 OAKLAND. A Village in the sou
Page 149 and 150: 135 emigrants from tlu- old country
Page 151 and 152: 1.37 OSPIIY. A Township in the Simc
Page 153 and 154: 139 is magnificent, particularly th
Page 155 and 156: 141 north-east; both near the River
Page 157 and 158: 143 PEEL. A Township in the Welling
Page 159 and 160: — 145 The following Government an
Page 161 and 162: — - 147 Professions and Trades.
Page 163 and 164: 149 neighbourhood, if the road from
Page 165 and 166: 151 PORTLAND. A small Villafê in t
Page 167 and 168: 153 PRESCOTT. A County in the Ottaw
Page 169 and 170: T55 Waterloo; and on the south and
Page 171 and 172: : 157 \yf which 5,569 arc unrlcr cu
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— 159 RAWDON. A Township in the V
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161 Jjasscs, bears in general a ver
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163 RUSSELL. A County in the Ottawa
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; 165 Stage fare to London, $3. Ste
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167 SCARBOROUGIL A Township in the
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169 and seven feet high, made of oa
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: 171 msker, three cabinet-makers,
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173 The \rater in some parts of the
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; 175 SOMMEIIVILLE. A Township in t
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177 foundry, seven stores, one drug
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179 bay with deep water, well shelt
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181 rrnoat twenty-five miles. In th
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— 183 The amount of lockage and c
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— 185 hetwcen Sunnidale and Notta
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187 TEOUMSKTH. A Township in the Si
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— 189 Tlie Cliippcwas possess an
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191 THOROLD. A Township in the Niaj
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193 ^contains a large portion of ve
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— 195^ and Globe. The following m
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197 Exports from the Port of Toront
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199 '!^»^rt'h-east corner of the t
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: 201 The following ahstT'act from
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203 and share in the same annuity.
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205 the townsliip> and it is watere
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— 207 The ilcsi^n at the time was
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* ^1 209
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211 oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooo
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213 WEI-LESLEY. A Towiisliip in the
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215 WELLINGTON. A. small Village si
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I Jo' : 217 The following abstract
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219 TPopulation in 1842, 5,714; who
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221 WINDMILT. POINT. A Point of Lan
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" 223 Kitley; and on the south-east
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225 twelve saw mills. In Yonge 200
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CANADA; ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EA
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230 In 1598, the Marquis de la Roch
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232 country inaccessible to the Fre
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254 do at home: and many persons wh
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— 236 of the tints of the forest
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; 238 consequence established a pre
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240 are aTmnally taken and salted,
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— 242 descriptions of the country
Page 258 and 259:
244 Writers on Canada and the Unite
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246 To give anything like a correct
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I 248 By the Hon. Mr. Macaulay, of
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— — ^ 250 none of them at any r
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252 value, buyincr more land than t
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. ^54 able to pay for; and, above a
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— ; 256 leill vary from three to
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6 258
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260
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262 _(rt(f|_ CT) i-cWC>) -' r-)«i
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v 264
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266^^
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. 268 Magistrates who have qualifie
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270 'vV. A. Baldwin ... Toronto Cit
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272 William Earl Lansdowne. Samuel
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." ' T. I I John j P. j James India
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i J. ] Wm. ' Jacob I W. i J. ! J. I
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. . 278 John A. Ray Do. P. H. Morin
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Osnabruck 280 Brockville Lamb's Poo
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282 Baptht Ministers—Continued. B
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284 From Perth to Lanark, 12— Pak
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The following places were accidenta
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— ; ADVERTISEMENTS. GREAT BARGAIN
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ADVERTISEMENTS. ITOW TORONTO FURNAC
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ADVERTISEMENTS. OPTICIAN, BEGS J. G
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ADVERTISEMENTS. SMITH'S POCKET COMM
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7i| svsn i\ OJO 3 1158 00440 1229 f
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