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216 The soil of a large portion of the district consists of a deep allavial soil, retry rich, and capable of producing large crops. In some of the townships bordering on Lake Erie the soil is a mixture of gravel and loam; and in Sarnia there is a, large extent of oak plains. The timber of the district consists of maple, beech, black-walnut, butternut, hickory, oak, elm, &c. The southern portion of the district has been long settled, many of the occupants in the County of Essex holding their lands under old French grants, which were confirmed to them by the British government after the conquest of Canada. The present inhabitants, the descendants of the original settlers, are still in every pai'ticular essentially French, and are too fond (sometimes too much so for the good of the country) of keeping up old French customs. Thus, on the death of a landowner his property becomes divided amongst his children; and on the decease of each of those children, it again becomes subdivided; so that in the present day, in that portion of the district peopled by French Canadians there is scarcely a good-sized farm to be found. And not only are the farms sinall and insufficient, but the farming is wretched. Many of these people settled on the lower portion of the Thames, actually build their stables on the banks of the river for the convenience of shovelling the manure into it. The following is an example of the difference between French and English fanning: About ten years since an emigrant from England,a Lincolnshire farmer, engaged to rent a farm inthe townshipof Dover East. The ownersof the land (French Canadians) having exhausted that portion of the land which was cleared, and being too indolent to clear more, were literally starved out; they were therefore compelled to let the farm. When Mr. W. took possession he found nine hundred loads of vianure at the barn door. When he took the farm there were forty-five acres of land cleared (out of a hundred acre lot), and he engaged to pay a rent of .f 50 per annum. He has now had the farm ten years, has cleared thirty additional acres, and is so well satisfied with the quality of the soil that he has leased it for five years, at an annual rent of $180. Since he has had the farm he has sold l,30o" bushels of wheat from one year's crop. The farais and other settlements in this district generally have very fine orchards attached to them; and fruit is usually very plentiful in the district. Apples have been sold at Chatham at .'Hr/. currency per bushel; and peaches have been sold on the shores of Lake Erie at \s. 3d. per bushel. Many of the dwellings on the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers are beautifully situated. Clefiring has lately been going on extensively in the townships of Plympton and Warwick, and large quantities of potash have been made; but So little are the advantages of the district generally known, that cultivated farms are to be bought here for from .f 10 to $l.i per acre, which in any other portion of the province would fetch from .1-30 to ifi.'jO per acre. Thirteen thousand acres of land have been brought into cultivation between January, 1842, and January, 1 44. The towns of Chatham, Sandwich (the district town), and Amherstburg are situated in the district; the fonner on the Thames, and the two latter on the Detroit !\iver; and there are besides in the district the villages of Windsor on the Detroit River; Port Sarnia, Frooinvfield and Sutlierlands on the St. (.'lair;. Errol, in Plympton; and Louisville on the ThaniLS, besides smaller places of less note. In the Western District .'57,850 of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. c'y» per acre; to purchase any of Avhich application nmst be made to the Crowa lands agent at Sandwich. Population in 1844, 27,619; since when it has probably increased oae-tentiu
I Jo' : 217 The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district: No. of Date.' Acres .Cultivated. Oxen, 4 years Milch Cowg.i old ;iiid upwards. Horned Cattle, Amount of from 2 to J llalable , years old. I Property. Government and District Officers in the Western District J udgp of District Court Alexander Thewett Sandwich Sheriff George W. Foote Do. Clerk of Peace Charles Baby Do. Treasurer J. B. Baby Do. Registrar James .\skin Do. Inspector of Licenses W. G. Hall Do. Judge of Surrogate Court John A. Wilkinson Do. Registrar of do James A skin Do. District Clerk John Cowan I>o. Deputy Clerk of Crown S. J. Fluett Do. Collectors of Customs.. Warden .' Coroners. r R. E. Vidal Port Sarnia. n F. Elliott Windsor. < William Cosgrave ^'hatham. F.Caldwell Maiden. Cronyn Rond 'Eau. (^ — . John Dolsen Dover East. Hugh Johnston Moore. R. Pegley Chatham town. S. T. Thebo Sandwich. W. G. Hall Do. James Kevill Amberstburg. A. Yoimg, junior Port Sarnia. P. P. Lecroix Sombra. Number of Common Schools in operation in the District.— Anderdon, two ; Brooke, none; Camden, three; Chatham, six; Colchester, three; Dawn, seven; Dover, East and West, three; Gosfield, six; Harwich, eleven; Howard, ten; Maidstone, four; Maiden, nine; Mersea, five; Moore and Enniskillen, two; Orford, three ; Plympton. three; Raleigh, twelve; Rochester, two; Romney, three; Sandwich, "ten; Sarnia, four; Sombra, seven; Tilbury East, three; Tilbury West, three; Warwick and Bosan(}uei, five; Zone, six. Total, 138. WESTMEATH. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on 'he east by the Ottawa River; on the north-west by the township of Pembroke; on the south-west by Stafford ; and on the south-east by Ross. In Westmeath 15,803 acres are taken up, 1,684 of which are under cultivation. Westmeath is as yet but little settled, and 34,200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in it, at 8*. currency per acre.. There are two saw mills in the township. Population in 184-2. 1)28. Ratable property in the township, £7,056.
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HlJiv -'JUJMbUl- ^/âiAiriii dn>- '
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ROWSKI.L8 AND THOMSON, PillNTERS, T
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. ! P E 15 F A C E In compiling thi
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CANADIAN GAZETTEER. ADDINGTON. A Co
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This is a triangular-shaped townshi
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" Eric, are very beautiful; the swe
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ASPHODEL. A Township in the Colbome
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: BARTON VILLE. A small Settlement
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— 11 The following abstract from
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13 branch, the two forming what is
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— 15 the south by Normanby. This
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'. 50 17 BOND HEAD. A small Village
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19 Presbyterian, Catholic, two Meth
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21 BIIOCKVILLE. The District Town o
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— 20 of lakes that runs through t
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— I : 2ft •tores, two druggists
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27 and on the north-west by Alfred
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: 29 CARLETON, COUNTY OF.—(See Da
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31 and south by Lake Erie. In Charl
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33 CHURCHVILLE. greatest importance
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35 Room, which are liberally forwar
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37 Mariposa, seven; North Monau'han
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39 the town and the River St. Lawre
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— 41 the tO'Wnship. Ouraborland i
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— 43 mills, and one distillery in
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45 is very beautiful. Large quantit
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47 Otonabee River, There is some go
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49 There are two inills (grist and
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I 51 and its tributaries: it is pre
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63 Iftiver Rideau takes its rise in
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55 ENNISKILLEN. A Township in the W
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57 ETORICOKE. A Township in the Hom
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59 Fitzroy Harbour is situated in t
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61 FREDERIOKSBURGH. A Township in t
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63 fifty-five acres of Crown lands
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65 Goderich is fifty-nine miles fro
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67 GOIIGICHIN LAKE. A continmition
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— 69 I lie site of the Six Nation
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71 The following produce passed thr
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, 73 the township, from north to so
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— 75 Professions and Trades.—On
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— 77 Exports front fhu Port of Ha
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79 HAWKESBTJRY VILLAGE, or IIEADPOR
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Good 81 Markham, Pickering, Scarhor
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— 83 Timb'M- principally hardwood
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85 south by Thurlow. In IIuritinj;:
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87 •several yards of sandy and pr
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: — Government and District Offic
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91 acres of Crown lands are open fo
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93 Specific gravitj- Aniih/sis of t
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, the 95 40.497 acres are taken up.
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97 LATIMER'S CORNER. A small Settle
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! No ' 112,633 Iroiii 99 the presen
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101 The follo-winp; Government and
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103 LOUTH. A Township in the Niagar
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105 and on the south hy Tiake Erie.
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107 and at some seasons not one. Th
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109 CDTivimiently shiipcd for the i
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Ill settled about twenty-five years
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113 present village was only commen
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Hi The principal towns and rillapes
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117 MINTO. A I'ownship in the Welli
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119 (.niUivat'ion, This is a triang
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121 topscriptlon. Exports from Napa
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— 123 The to\vnshi]>s in front of
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125 1 ")0 feet alKive the level of
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— 127 Americans, A little to the
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— — : - 129 1S24 to Qticenston
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131 ••ast corner, on the town-l
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; 133 OAKLAND. A Village in the sou
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135 emigrants from tlu- old country
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1.37 OSPIIY. A Township in the Simc
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139 is magnificent, particularly th
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141 north-east; both near the River
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143 PEEL. A Township in the Welling
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— 145 The following Government an
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— - 147 Professions and Trades.
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149 neighbourhood, if the road from
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151 PORTLAND. A small Villafê in t
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153 PRESCOTT. A County in the Ottaw
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T55 Waterloo; and on the south and
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: 157 \yf which 5,569 arc unrlcr cu
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— 159 RAWDON. A Township in the V
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161 Jjasscs, bears in general a ver
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163 RUSSELL. A County in the Ottawa
Page 179 and 180: ; 165 Stage fare to London, $3. Ste
Page 181 and 182: 167 SCARBOROUGIL A Township in the
Page 183 and 184: 169 and seven feet high, made of oa
Page 185 and 186: : 171 msker, three cabinet-makers,
Page 187 and 188: 173 The \rater in some parts of the
Page 189 and 190: ; 175 SOMMEIIVILLE. A Township in t
Page 191 and 192: 177 foundry, seven stores, one drug
Page 193 and 194: 179 bay with deep water, well shelt
Page 195 and 196: 181 rrnoat twenty-five miles. In th
Page 197 and 198: — 183 The amount of lockage and c
Page 199 and 200: — 185 hetwcen Sunnidale and Notta
Page 201 and 202: 187 TEOUMSKTH. A Township in the Si
Page 203 and 204: — 189 Tlie Cliippcwas possess an
Page 205 and 206: 191 THOROLD. A Township in the Niaj
Page 207 and 208: 193 ^contains a large portion of ve
Page 209 and 210: — 195^ and Globe. The following m
Page 211 and 212: 197 Exports from the Port of Toront
Page 213 and 214: 199 '!^»^rt'h-east corner of the t
Page 215 and 216: : 201 The following ahstT'act from
Page 217 and 218: 203 and share in the same annuity.
Page 219 and 220: 205 the townsliip> and it is watere
Page 221 and 222: — 207 The ilcsi^n at the time was
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Page 225 and 226: 211 oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooo
Page 227 and 228: 213 WEI-LESLEY. A Towiisliip in the
Page 229: 215 WELLINGTON. A. small Village si
Page 233 and 234: 219 TPopulation in 1842, 5,714; who
Page 235 and 236: 221 WINDMILT. POINT. A Point of Lan
Page 237 and 238: " 223 Kitley; and on the south-east
Page 239 and 240: 225 twelve saw mills. In Yonge 200
Page 241: CANADA; ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EA
Page 244 and 245: 230 In 1598, the Marquis de la Roch
Page 246 and 247: 232 country inaccessible to the Fre
Page 248 and 249: 254 do at home: and many persons wh
Page 250 and 251: — 236 of the tints of the forest
Page 252 and 253: ; 238 consequence established a pre
Page 254 and 255: 240 are aTmnally taken and salted,
Page 256 and 257: — 242 descriptions of the country
Page 258 and 259: 244 Writers on Canada and the Unite
Page 260 and 261: 246 To give anything like a correct
Page 262 and 263: I 248 By the Hon. Mr. Macaulay, of
Page 264 and 265: — — ^ 250 none of them at any r
Page 266 and 267: 252 value, buyincr more land than t
Page 268 and 269: . ^54 able to pay for; and, above a
Page 270 and 271: — ; 256 leill vary from three to
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Page 274 and 275: 260
Page 276 and 277: 262 _(rt(f|_ CT) i-cWC>) -' r-)«i
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266^^
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. 268 Magistrates who have qualifie
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270 'vV. A. Baldwin ... Toronto Cit
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272 William Earl Lansdowne. Samuel
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." ' T. I I John j P. j James India
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i J. ] Wm. ' Jacob I W. i J. ! J. I
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. . 278 John A. Ray Do. P. H. Morin
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Osnabruck 280 Brockville Lamb's Poo
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282 Baptht Ministers—Continued. B
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284 From Perth to Lanark, 12— Pak
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The following places were accidenta
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— ; ADVERTISEMENTS. GREAT BARGAIN
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ADVERTISEMENTS. ITOW TORONTO FURNAC
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ADVERTISEMENTS. OPTICIAN, BEGS J. G
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ADVERTISEMENTS. SMITH'S POCKET COMM
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7i| svsn i\ OJO 3 1158 00440 1229 f
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