BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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CHAPTER 3: PERMANENT BMP PLANNINGAND SELECTION3.1 PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS CHAPTERPermanent Best Management Practices (BMPs) are required on all developedproperties for the control and management of stormwater runoff andpollution. BMPs are planned and installed for all project scales from smallsingle-family residential parcels to large municipal and highway projects. Largeimpervious areas, multiple land uses, and high pollutant loads may warrant theservices of a licensed professional civil engineer or water quality specialist todesign BMPs. Projects subject to a permit have BMPs evaluated and selectedduring the project planning phase in coordination with the input and approvalof the permitting authority.The purpose of this chapter is to provide BMP planning and selection guidanceto project proponents including landowners, consultants, engineers, and agencypermitting and planning staff.This chapter is organized into the following sections:• Section 3.2 describes the relationship of BMP plan development tothe Preferred Design Approach (PDP).• Section 3.3 discusses the three typical project scales based on parcelsize and land use that are used in this BMP Handbook to guide aproject proponent in developing and implementing a BMP plan.• Section 3.4 provides BMP selection guidance for all single-familyresidential projects and projects less than 1 acre except commercialuses.• Section 3.5 provides BMP selection guidance for all other land uses(except single-family) between 1 and 5 acres and any commercialland use.• Section 3.6 provides on overview of BMP planning and selectionfor all projects that are over 5 acres and all Water QualityImprovement Projects (WQIP) where a local jurisdiction, typicallya county or the city, is the lead agency or implementer.• Section 3.7 gives an overview of BMP inspection, maintenance, andmonitoring. More details on this subject are provided in Chapter 6,Inspection, Maintenance, and Monitoring.• Section 3.8 recommends general approaches to address physical sitelimitations and other constraints such as high groundwater andbedrock, utility conflicts, run-on from upstream properties, andothers.TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 3: Permanent BMP Planning and Selection2012 Page 3-1
• Section 3.9 has considerations for planning BMP projects in specialland uses including the shorezone, scenic corridors, and others.• Section 3.10 briefly summarizes the importance of temporaryBMPs. More details on this subject are provided in Section 4.5,Temporary BMPs for Construction• Section 3.11 briefly describes agency project inspection processes.3.2 RELATIONSHIP OF BMP PLAN DEVELOPMENT TOPREFERRED DESIGN APPROACH (PDA)Planning and selecting BMPs can result in very different choices depending onthe site analysis, project scale, and applicable permit requirements of a givenproject. However, regardless of scale and land-use the overall process willgenerally follow a standard approach based on the California TahoeConservancy’s Preferred Design Approach (PDA) and the objectives of theproject 1 . The PDA emphasizes BMP design that prevents the mobilization offine sediments and nutrients, and reduces the volume of runoff reaching surfacewaters primarily through infiltration. These two elements should beconsidered together when first exploring BMP opportunities. Stormwatertreatment BMPs are employed as pretreatment to remove pollutants of concernprior to infiltration and to promote maintenance and BMP longevity.Stormwater treatment may be used as a “treat and release” stormwater BMPalternative based on project objectives and site constraints that limit on-siteinfiltration opportunities.The first three categories below are representative of the PDA. The last twocategories are included in this BMP Handbook for easy reference and to assistthe reader in selecting techniques that are commonly integrated into BMPsystems. The reader should be aware that some BMPs contained in this BMPHandbook may provide benefits for more than one category, but are placed ina single category that most accurately describes the intended function of theBMP. All five categories are represented both in this chapter and in theChapter 4, BMP Toolkit where individual BMPs are described for consistentreference:POLLUTANT SOURCE CONTROLBMPs that prevent or minimize the initial mobilization of sediment, nutrients,and other pollutants associated with roadways, households, animals, andcommercial/industrial uses.HYDROLOGIC SOURCE CONTROLPractices and BMPs that promote infiltration and reduce the volume and rateof stormwater runoff, thereby reducing the pollutant loading entrained instormwater.1California Tahoe Conservancy, State of California, September 2008, California Tahoe ConservancySoil Erosion Control Grants Program. Program Announcement and Guidelines.CHAPTER 3: Permanent BMP Planning and SelectionTRPA BMP HandbookPage 3-2 2012
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PREFACEThe Tahoe Regional Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE...........
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3.5.5 Stormwater Treatment ........
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6.3 Projects 1 to 5 Acres and all C
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8.10.5 Maintenance ................
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Table 8-4: Federal, State and Regio
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated Swale .....
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INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND USERS OF TH
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Lake Tahoe’s world renowned blue
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Urbanization in the Lake Tahoe wate
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50 percent of the light scattering
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Figure I-c: Impervious Cover versus
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Disconnected impervious areasdrain
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POLLUTANT EFFECT URBAN SOURCES ASSO
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESHistorical
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Table I-2: Differences in BMP Retro
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CHAPTER 1: URBAN HYDROLOGY1.1 PURPO
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Figure 1-a: Runoff ProcessesTRPA BM
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Although many urbanized areas face
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watersheds to make the necessary es
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Pollutant load estimates are typica
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differ from the following recommend
Page 50 and 51: Figure 1-b: Hydrologic Processes an
Page 52 and 53: 1.3.3.2 NRCS BMP CALCULATION SPREAD
Page 54 and 55: 1.3.3.3 RATIONAL METHODMODEL SUMMAR
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.3.4 LOAD REDUCTION PLANNING TOO
Page 58 and 59: in HMS may be event-based or contin
Page 60 and 61: 1.3.3.6 POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION MO
Page 62 and 63: AVAILABILITY AND SUPPORTING DOCUMEN
Page 64 and 65: TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTHSPF and LSP
Page 66 and 67: few days to a week of time to revie
Page 68 and 69: USACE studies recommended use of th
Page 70 and 71: during the initial site visit, or c
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2-a: Soil Horizons• Depth
Page 74 and 75: Evidence of compacted and disturbed
Page 76 and 77: UNMAPPED ROCK OUTCROPS, STEEP SLOPE
Page 78 and 79: The primary pollutants of concern o
Page 80 and 81: On the map use an arrow to delineat
Page 82 and 83: 2.2.3 ADDITIONAL DATA GATHERINGAfte
Page 84 and 85: and allowable uses. Baseline Land C
Page 86: topographic survey will be required
Page 89: Table 2-3: Basis of Capability Clas
Page 92 and 93: Keep your property lean, clean,and
Page 94 and 95: treatment. This will reduce the mai
Page 96 and 97: ponds, wetlands, lakes, manmade cha
Page 98 and 99: 2.3.3.2 SOILS HYDROLOGIC REPORTThe
Page 102 and 103: STORMWATER TREATMENTRepresents BMPs
Page 104 and 105: Table 3-1: Waste Management and Mat
Page 106 and 107: D. STABILIZE STEEP DISTURBED SLOPES
Page 108 and 109: This infiltration trench collects s
Page 110 and 111: 3.5 PROJECTS 1 TO 5 ACRES AND ALL C
Page 112 and 113: This Page Blank.TRPA BMP HandbookCH
Page 114 and 115: unnecessary turf areas and replace
Page 116 and 117: Table 3-5: Waste Management and Mat
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2.3 SOIL STABILIZATIONA. RESTOR
Page 120 and 121: Left: Dripline erosion below a deck
Page 122 and 123: Pervious concrete parking pad locat
Page 124 and 125: 3.5.5 STORMWATER TREATMENT3.5.5.1 M
Page 126 and 127: 3.6.1.1 JURISDICTIONThese projects
Page 128 and 129: to perform required inspection and
Page 130 and 131: 3.8.2.4 SHARED ACCESS AND EASEMENTS
Page 132 and 133: 3.8.2.8 STREAM ENVIRONMENT ZONES (S
Page 134 and 135: Sediment versus erosion:Suspended s
Page 136 and 137: CONTENTSCHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT ....
Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT4.1 HYDROLOGI
Page 140 and 141: 4.1.1.1 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTAlternativ
Page 142 and 143: • Tree canopy overhead can decrea
Page 144 and 145: ate determined at the time of insta
Page 146 and 147: Figure 4.1-a: Pervious ConcreteTRPA
Page 148 and 149: 4.1.1.2 INFILTRATION BASINAlternati
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groundwater, depths to restrictive
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Very few performance monitoring stu
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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4.1.1.3 INFILTRATION TRENCHAlternat
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• Consult the NRCS Tahoe Basin So
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• Alternative Method: Excavate th
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Figure 4.1-c: Infiltration TrenchTR
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Figure 4.1-e: Roof Dripline Planter
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4.1.1.4 SUBSURFACE INFILTRATION SYS
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percent void space compared to 40 p
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• Ensure the surrounding surface
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4.1.1.5 RAIN BARREL AND CISTERNAlte
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• Position the rain barrel or cis
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4.1.1.6 RAIN GARDENAlternative Name
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• To manage high flows, design a
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4.1.1.7 FILTER STRIPAlternative Nam
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• The top of the vegetated filter
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Figure 4.1-i: Vegetated Filter Stri
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.2-a: Slope
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Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
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• Obtain and use a road abrasive
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• Mechanical broom sweepers may a
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA signi
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for dry basins or infiltration basi
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• For unpaved snow storage areas
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Figure 4.2-a: Slope Stabilization A
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Disadvantages• Not always success
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• Bind together long live branch
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Brush Layering and MattingBrush lay
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Advantages• Reduces the erosion p
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Table 4.2-1: Terracing Inspection a
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Disadvantages• Can be complicated
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• Revegetate the backfilled bench
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Figure 4.2-d: Timber Retaining Wall
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Advantages• Versatile and applica
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Table 4.2-3: Riprap Inspection and
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educe the concentration of runoff,
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Figure 4.2-g: Slope Bottom BenchFig
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• Contour Furrows - relatively de
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APPLICABILITYAll roads, driveways,
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Stormwater runoff from a paved park
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Figure 4.2-k: Grading for Sheet Flo
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INORGANIC MULCH:• Areas where org
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• Stockpile and use existing orga
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The surface under the raised decksh
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Figure 4.2-l: Rock Armor - Elevated
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Clustered boulders used for parking
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• Helps to protect wildlife.• H
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA prope
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Improper storage of hazardous mater
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• Try to use the entire product b
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facilities must be equipped with ap
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• Dispose of it properly• Be a
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Disadvantages• Additional resourc
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• All hay, cubed hay, straw, mulc
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• Sanitary sewer regulations gene
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APPLICABILITYAll vehicles, includin
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• Do not perform other vehicle or
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.3-a: Curb B
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APPLICABILITY• Culverts are appli
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deterioration. The inspection crew
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APPLICABILITY• Curb and gutters a
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Inst
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Figure 4.3-b: Rolled CurbChapter 4:
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Advantages• Prevents the discharg
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Table 4.3-2: Storm Drain Inspection
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Advantages• Prevents scour that m
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Figure 4.3-c: Outlet ProtectionChap
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• The structure can be designed t
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Disc
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Advantages• Assists in the contro
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Figure 4.3-e: Slotted Channel Drain
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Advantages• May be less expensive
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Table 4.3-5: A/C Swale Inspection a
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• Prevents property damage, slope
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Figure 4.3-g: Subsurface DrainChapt
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abrasives applied during the winter
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Table 4.3-7: Rock Lined and Vegetat
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated SwaleChapte
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Check dams installed in water sprea
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• Design check dams perpendicular
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CONTENTS4.4 Stormwater Treatment ..
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4.4 STORMWATER TREATMENTThe primary
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4.4.1.1 WET BASINAlternative Names:
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• Surcharge storage above the wet
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Table 4.4-1: Wet Basin Inspection a
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Figure 4.4-a: Wet Basin (Concept Dr
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4.4.1.2 BIOSWALEAlternative Names:
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• Consider incorporating trees or
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Figure 4.4-b: Bioswale (Linear Basi
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4.4.1.3 DRY BASINAlternative Names:
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• Drainage design standards for t
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Figure 4.4-c: Detention BasinTRPA B
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4.4.2 FLOW THROUGH TREATMENTFlow-th
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4.4.2.1 DROP INLET INSERTAlternativ
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Refe
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4.4.2.2 TRASH RACKAlternate Names:
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4.4.2.3 BAFFLED VAULTAlternative Na
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• Ensure that site conditions all
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4.4.2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORAlter
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• Most units are designed to be c
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4.4.2.5 MEDIA FILTERAlternate Names
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Cartridge Filter• Cartridge filte
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• Vent the system as for undergro
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4.4.2.6 SEDIMENT TRAPAlternative Na
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Regul
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Figure 4.4-e: Sediment TrapTRPA BMP
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CONTENTS4.5 Temporary BMPs for Cons
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4.5 TEMPORARY BMPS FOR CONSTRUCTION
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concrete washouts and stockpiles sh
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4.5.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND S
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• Measures to minimize the potent
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4.5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY FENCI
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Figure 4.5-a: Construction Boundary
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4.5.1.3 DEWATERINGDESCRIPTIONDewate
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Figure 4.5-b: DewateringTRPA BMP Ha
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• Use this settled water to fill
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4.5.1.4 CLEAN WATER DIVERSIONAltern
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• Avoid disturbing aquatic specie
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• Pipe slope drain: A rigid pipe,
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Stream Isolation Techniques:• Tur
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Figure 4.5-f: Water DiversionTRPA B
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4.5.1.5 VEGETATION PROTECTIONAltern
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• Growing Space: Provide spacing
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Figure 4.5-g: Vegetation Protection
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4.5.1.6 TEMPORARY SANITATION FACILI
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4.5.1.7 DUST CONTROLAlternate Names
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• Blanket with geotextiles or veg
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4.5.1.8 VEHICLE INGRESS EGRESS MANA
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• If possible, re-use swept or va
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4.5.1.9 WINTERIZATIONDESCRIPTIONBet
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCEEnsure th
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4.5.1.10 CONSTRUCTION STAGINGAltern
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4.5.1.11 MATERIAL HANDLING STORAGE
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• Ensure that current Material Sa
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4.5.1.12 TOPSOIL SALVAGEAlternative
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• If topsoil will not be used for
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4.5.1.13 CONCRETE/BENTONITE MANAGEM
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Figure 4.5-i: Concrete Washout Stat
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4.5.1.14 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENTAltern
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Figure 4.5-j: Stockpile ManagementT
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4.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLR
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4.5.2.1 SWEEPINGDESCRIPTIONDuring c
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4.5.2.2 DRAIN INLET PROTECTIONAlter
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inches. Take care to ensure that no
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Figure 4.5-k: Drain Inlet Protectio
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4.5.2.3 FIBER ROLLAlternative Names
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• Adjust spacing of fiber rolls a
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Figure 4.5-l: Fiber RollsTRPA BMP H
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4.5.2.4 SILT FENCEAlternative Names
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• Turn the fabric uphill at the e
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Figure 4.5-m: Silt FenceTRPA BMP Ha
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4.5.2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKET SYS
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structures mark the boundaries of t
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Figure 4.5-p: Anchoring Geotextiles
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4.5.2.6 HYDROMULCH, TACKIFIER, AND
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Hydro
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5.2 SOILSoil is a complex living sy
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Tilling green wood chips intothe so
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areas such as SEZs and in shorezone
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Large boulders provide permanent ve
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To address this TRPA’s Regional P
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to apply ½ inch of water. Water yo
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Pesticides can be degraded by sunli
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5.3.2.5 FIRE DEFENSIBLE SPACEFire d
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etween them. For example, shrubs wi
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5.4 PROJECT SCALE REQUIREMENTSSoil
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5.4.1.5 PROJECT INSTALLATIONA. CONT
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percent vegetative cover, soil surf
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TRPA Revegetation Plan TemplateSoil
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(c) GRADING AND SLOPE SHAPINGDescri
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TRPA Revegetation Plan ExampleSoil
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• All machinery must be clean bef
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Common NameScientific NameScotchbro
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during dry weather. All debris, roo
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substantially different that the pe
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TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 5: Soil an
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Fertilizer Management PlanProject N
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IV. MONITORINGSurface and groundwat
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I. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONGold
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Table 5-1: Description of Revegetat
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTS
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTW
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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• Section 6.2 describes methods f
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equirements. At a minimum, training
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Vactor equipment removes sediment a
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Industrial Properties, Marinas, and
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• Rinse the rock with hose water
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EXAMPLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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MONITORING PLAN TEMPLATE1. TITLE PA
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MONITORING, INSPECTION, ANDMAINTENA
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Sample Site123 Main StreetSouth Lak
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3. MONITORINGIn 2011, South Lake Ta
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ATTACHMENT BWATER QUALITY DATA
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ATTACHMENT DINSPECTION AND MAINTENC
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• Discharge of stormwater from in
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PAVING SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PR
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TRPA Shorezone permit (www.trpa.org
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CHAPTER 8: SHOREZONE PROTECTIVESTRU
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technical guidance on structural an
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Pope has developed a shorezone miti
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ADVANTAGES• Protect parcel develo
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Table 8-3: Categorical Classificati
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generate observable changes in the
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Table 8-5: The General Geomorphic C
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8.1.8.2 TOLERANCE DISTRICT AND BACK
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Figure 8-e: Option 2—Backshore De
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Scenic Resources and project compli
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8.2 BULKHEADS AND LAKE WALLS8.2.1 O
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oth the beach immediately fronting
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Like all BMPs, bulkheads and lake w
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For a bulkhead located such that th
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Figure 8-i: Typical Lake Wall (Grav
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Table 8-9: Advantages and Disadvant
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maintains its position under wave s
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8.3.4 INSTALLATIONAs with bulkheads
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Table 8-11: Advantages and Disadvan
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V t ≥ 5R c2(Equation 4.1)Where:Vt
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8.5 BEACH NOURISHMENT AND REPLENISH
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of not being able to protect the ba
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• The material must be washed to
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nourishment will be determined by m
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8.7 BREAKWATERS8.7.1 OVERVIEWBreakw
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The procedure for determining armor
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8.8 SHOREZONE VEGETATION8.8.1 OVERV
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vegetation. Protecting a tree from
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Overall, dredging can be either a p
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The Pneuma pump is a piece of dredg
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nature of the project and the poten
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8.10 TURBIDITY CURTAINS8.10.1 OVERV
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weights or connected firmly to sand
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Figure 8-o: Turbidity Curtain Desig
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Aquatic invasive species (AIS) also
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tanks into a sewage retention and/o
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• A common problem with recreatio
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8.12 BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTION AND VEH
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amp at the change of grade. A V-gro
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Figure 8-p: Boat Ramp DesignTRPA BM
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Table 8-22: Overview of Geotechnica
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8.14 SHOREZONE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE
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8.14.2 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FO
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some designated boundary or sphere
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spawning grounds and juvenile nurse
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Marine Science, School of Geoscienc
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Osborne, R.H., et. Al. (1985). Sedi
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8.16 APPENDICES8.16.1 DESIGN CALCUL
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Figure 8-r defines the primary wave
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8.16.1.2 WAVE RUN-UP FORMULA FOR BA
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• Use Equation 16.10 to calculate
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Figure 8-u: Design Wave CasesTRPA B
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Figure 8-v: Wave Setup and Run-Up f
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Alternative methods of wave calcula
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GLOSSARYAccretionMay be either a na
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eaches have no berm, others have se
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DensityMass (in kg) per unit of vol
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Fire Defensible SpaceRefers to the
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Common terms related to land covera
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PermeabilityThe property of a bulk
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ScourRemoval of underwater material
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SlopeThe degree of inclination to t
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Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)C
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ACRONYMSACES - Automated Coastal En
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NPS - Nonpoint SourceNRCS - Natural
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BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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