BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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8.10 TURBIDITY CURTAINS8.10.1 OVERVIEWTurbidity curtains, also known as silt curtains, gunderbooms, temporarycofferdams and sheet piling, also offer shorezone protection. The purpose of aturbidity curtain is to retain the re-suspended sediment generated duringconstruction activities, including dredging, within the disturbed area bycontrolling dispersion. 54Turbidity curtains are floating impermeable barriers that are constructed offlexible reinforced thermoplastic material with an upper hem containingfloatation material and a lower hem that is weighted. Turbidity screens aresimilar but are constructed of permeable geosynthetic fabric and thus allow forsome water to flow through the material. Some models include an absorbentdiaper to help contain petroleum products. Turbidity curtains are one of theprimary methods for controlling turbidly generated from shorezone dredgingactivities, especially for containable areas such as marinas. 55Turbidity curtains promote the settling out of suspended sediments from thewater column in a controlled area, thus minimizing the potential transport offine sediment out of the project area. Turbidity barriers are applicable to anyconstruction or operational activity conducted within the backshore,foreshore, and some nearshore settings of Lake Tahoe. They are required inorder to contain the impacts which may result by disturbing the soil or lakebottom sediments due to excavation within a permitted project area.Turbidity curtains are also an effective temporary BMP for aquatic weedsduring removal/construction. They are not a standalone technique, but need tobe combined with physical removal of plants and fragments from the projectarea.8.10.2 TURBIDITY CURTAINS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESThe turbidity curtains currently available would not maintain positiveperformance during weather events. Larger waves put drag loads on thecurtains causing them to drag and potentially fail. The energy contained inwaves and currents during storms may pull the curtain off the lake bottom orcause lateral curtain anchors to fail. Closely monitor weather forecasts andpostpone projects if advisable. Curtains are effective for short-term projects (1-254USACE, 2008, Coastal Engineering Manual - Parts I-655USACE, 2008, Coastal Engineering Manual - Parts I-6TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 8: Shorezone Protective Structures and BMPs2012 8.10 Turbidity CurtainsPage 8-65
weeks); longer durations or extensive projects may require a double curtaindeployment. 56Table 8-18 details some of the common advantages and disadvantages associatedwith turbidity curtains.Table 8-18: Advantages and Disadvantages of using Turbidity CurtainsADVANTAGE• Are reasonably adequate at containingsediment and turbid water within thedisturbed area.• Can effectively localize the turbidity plumesand help reduce visual impacts.• Promotes the settling of fine sedimentswhich in turn lets some leached nutrientsre-adsorb and re-sequester.DISADVANTAGE• Susceptible to weather events and may fail ifleft exposed and unprotected.• Wind induced wave action must be minimalor will have limited effectiveness.• Not designed for long-term projects.Turbidity curtains subject to hydraulic turbulence due to the removal oraddition of water may be more prone to fail. If possible, direct hydraulic headtowards the operational area and away from the containment technology.Hydraulic head directed toward a curtained area will cause stress to itsanchoring and may lift or dislodge the weighted curtain bottom and impair itseffectiveness. It may prudent or necessary to divert turbulent flows away froma curtained perimeter to avoid any compromise to turbidity containment. 578.10.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND PLANNINGSeveral variables determine the effectiveness of turbidity barriers, including thetype of dredging activity occurring, the quantity and type of material beingretained by the barrier (e.g. contaminated fine sediment); the materialcondition and construction of the barrier; the configuration of the areaenclosed by the barrier; and the method of deployment and attachment.Positioning of the turbidity barrier to capture and contain turbid water iscritical to the success of this control measure. Barriers must remain structurallysound and securely in place and operational throughout the dredging orconstruction activities. The turbidity curtain material must be totallyimpermeable when the construction or dredging activities are expected toresult in water quality impacts that exceed surface discharge standards for anextended duration of time.Water quality is usually most degraded towards the bottom of the watercolumn. 58 Turbidity barrier bottoms must be sufficiently anchored with56Tahoe Research Group, 1996, C.R. Goldman, John E. Reuter, Scott H. Hackley, Final Report,Impacts of Marina Dredging on Lake Tahoe Water Quality57USACE, 1995, Engineer Manual EM 1110-2-1810, Engineering and Design: Coastal Geology58USACE, 1995, Engineer Manual EM 1110-2-1810, Engineering and Design: Coastal GeologyCHAPTER 8: Shorezone Protective Structures and BMPsTRPA BMP Handbook8.10 Turbidity Curtains 2012Page 8-66
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PREFACEThe Tahoe Regional Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE...........
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3.5.5 Stormwater Treatment ........
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6.3 Projects 1 to 5 Acres and all C
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8.10.5 Maintenance ................
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Table 8-4: Federal, State and Regio
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated Swale .....
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INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND USERS OF TH
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Lake Tahoe’s world renowned blue
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Urbanization in the Lake Tahoe wate
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50 percent of the light scattering
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Figure I-c: Impervious Cover versus
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Disconnected impervious areasdrain
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POLLUTANT EFFECT URBAN SOURCES ASSO
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESHistorical
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Table I-2: Differences in BMP Retro
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CHAPTER 1: URBAN HYDROLOGY1.1 PURPO
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Figure 1-a: Runoff ProcessesTRPA BM
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Although many urbanized areas face
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watersheds to make the necessary es
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Pollutant load estimates are typica
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differ from the following recommend
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Figure 1-b: Hydrologic Processes an
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1.3.3.2 NRCS BMP CALCULATION SPREAD
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1.3.3.3 RATIONAL METHODMODEL SUMMAR
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1.3.3.4 LOAD REDUCTION PLANNING TOO
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in HMS may be event-based or contin
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1.3.3.6 POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION MO
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AVAILABILITY AND SUPPORTING DOCUMEN
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TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTHSPF and LSP
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few days to a week of time to revie
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USACE studies recommended use of th
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during the initial site visit, or c
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Figure 2-a: Soil Horizons• Depth
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Evidence of compacted and disturbed
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UNMAPPED ROCK OUTCROPS, STEEP SLOPE
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The primary pollutants of concern o
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On the map use an arrow to delineat
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2.2.3 ADDITIONAL DATA GATHERINGAfte
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and allowable uses. Baseline Land C
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topographic survey will be required
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Table 2-3: Basis of Capability Clas
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Keep your property lean, clean,and
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treatment. This will reduce the mai
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ponds, wetlands, lakes, manmade cha
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2.3.3.2 SOILS HYDROLOGIC REPORTThe
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CHAPTER 3: PERMANENT BMP PLANNINGAN
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STORMWATER TREATMENTRepresents BMPs
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Table 3-1: Waste Management and Mat
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D. STABILIZE STEEP DISTURBED SLOPES
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This infiltration trench collects s
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3.5 PROJECTS 1 TO 5 ACRES AND ALL C
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This Page Blank.TRPA BMP HandbookCH
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unnecessary turf areas and replace
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Table 3-5: Waste Management and Mat
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3.5.2.3 SOIL STABILIZATIONA. RESTOR
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Left: Dripline erosion below a deck
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Pervious concrete parking pad locat
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3.5.5 STORMWATER TREATMENT3.5.5.1 M
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3.6.1.1 JURISDICTIONThese projects
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to perform required inspection and
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3.8.2.4 SHARED ACCESS AND EASEMENTS
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3.8.2.8 STREAM ENVIRONMENT ZONES (S
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Sediment versus erosion:Suspended s
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT ....
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CHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT4.1 HYDROLOGI
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4.1.1.1 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTAlternativ
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• Tree canopy overhead can decrea
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ate determined at the time of insta
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Figure 4.1-a: Pervious ConcreteTRPA
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4.1.1.2 INFILTRATION BASINAlternati
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groundwater, depths to restrictive
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Very few performance monitoring stu
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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4.1.1.3 INFILTRATION TRENCHAlternat
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• Consult the NRCS Tahoe Basin So
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• Alternative Method: Excavate th
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Figure 4.1-c: Infiltration TrenchTR
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Figure 4.1-e: Roof Dripline Planter
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4.1.1.4 SUBSURFACE INFILTRATION SYS
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percent void space compared to 40 p
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• Ensure the surrounding surface
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4.1.1.5 RAIN BARREL AND CISTERNAlte
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• Position the rain barrel or cis
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4.1.1.6 RAIN GARDENAlternative Name
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• To manage high flows, design a
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4.1.1.7 FILTER STRIPAlternative Nam
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• The top of the vegetated filter
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Figure 4.1-i: Vegetated Filter Stri
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.2-a: Slope
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Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
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• Obtain and use a road abrasive
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• Mechanical broom sweepers may a
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA signi
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for dry basins or infiltration basi
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• For unpaved snow storage areas
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Figure 4.2-a: Slope Stabilization A
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Disadvantages• Not always success
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• Bind together long live branch
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Brush Layering and MattingBrush lay
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Advantages• Reduces the erosion p
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Table 4.2-1: Terracing Inspection a
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Disadvantages• Can be complicated
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• Revegetate the backfilled bench
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Figure 4.2-d: Timber Retaining Wall
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Advantages• Versatile and applica
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Table 4.2-3: Riprap Inspection and
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educe the concentration of runoff,
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Figure 4.2-g: Slope Bottom BenchFig
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• Contour Furrows - relatively de
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APPLICABILITYAll roads, driveways,
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Stormwater runoff from a paved park
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Figure 4.2-k: Grading for Sheet Flo
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INORGANIC MULCH:• Areas where org
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• Stockpile and use existing orga
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The surface under the raised decksh
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Figure 4.2-l: Rock Armor - Elevated
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Clustered boulders used for parking
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• Helps to protect wildlife.• H
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA prope
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Improper storage of hazardous mater
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• Try to use the entire product b
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facilities must be equipped with ap
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• Dispose of it properly• Be a
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Disadvantages• Additional resourc
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• All hay, cubed hay, straw, mulc
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• Sanitary sewer regulations gene
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APPLICABILITYAll vehicles, includin
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• Do not perform other vehicle or
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.3-a: Curb B
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APPLICABILITY• Culverts are appli
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deterioration. The inspection crew
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APPLICABILITY• Curb and gutters a
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Inst
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Figure 4.3-b: Rolled CurbChapter 4:
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Advantages• Prevents the discharg
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Table 4.3-2: Storm Drain Inspection
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Advantages• Prevents scour that m
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Figure 4.3-c: Outlet ProtectionChap
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• The structure can be designed t
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Disc
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Advantages• Assists in the contro
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Figure 4.3-e: Slotted Channel Drain
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Advantages• May be less expensive
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Table 4.3-5: A/C Swale Inspection a
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• Prevents property damage, slope
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Figure 4.3-g: Subsurface DrainChapt
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abrasives applied during the winter
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Table 4.3-7: Rock Lined and Vegetat
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated SwaleChapte
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Check dams installed in water sprea
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• Design check dams perpendicular
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CONTENTS4.4 Stormwater Treatment ..
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4.4 STORMWATER TREATMENTThe primary
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4.4.1.1 WET BASINAlternative Names:
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• Surcharge storage above the wet
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Table 4.4-1: Wet Basin Inspection a
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Figure 4.4-a: Wet Basin (Concept Dr
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4.4.1.2 BIOSWALEAlternative Names:
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• Consider incorporating trees or
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Figure 4.4-b: Bioswale (Linear Basi
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4.4.1.3 DRY BASINAlternative Names:
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• Drainage design standards for t
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Figure 4.4-c: Detention BasinTRPA B
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4.4.2 FLOW THROUGH TREATMENTFlow-th
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4.4.2.1 DROP INLET INSERTAlternativ
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Refe
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4.4.2.2 TRASH RACKAlternate Names:
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4.4.2.3 BAFFLED VAULTAlternative Na
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• Ensure that site conditions all
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4.4.2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORAlter
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• Most units are designed to be c
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4.4.2.5 MEDIA FILTERAlternate Names
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Cartridge Filter• Cartridge filte
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• Vent the system as for undergro
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4.4.2.6 SEDIMENT TRAPAlternative Na
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Regul
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Figure 4.4-e: Sediment TrapTRPA BMP
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CONTENTS4.5 Temporary BMPs for Cons
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4.5 TEMPORARY BMPS FOR CONSTRUCTION
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concrete washouts and stockpiles sh
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4.5.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND S
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• Measures to minimize the potent
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4.5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY FENCI
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Figure 4.5-a: Construction Boundary
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4.5.1.3 DEWATERINGDESCRIPTIONDewate
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Figure 4.5-b: DewateringTRPA BMP Ha
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• Use this settled water to fill
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4.5.1.4 CLEAN WATER DIVERSIONAltern
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• Avoid disturbing aquatic specie
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• Pipe slope drain: A rigid pipe,
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Stream Isolation Techniques:• Tur
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Figure 4.5-f: Water DiversionTRPA B
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4.5.1.5 VEGETATION PROTECTIONAltern
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• Growing Space: Provide spacing
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Figure 4.5-g: Vegetation Protection
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4.5.1.6 TEMPORARY SANITATION FACILI
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4.5.1.7 DUST CONTROLAlternate Names
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• Blanket with geotextiles or veg
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4.5.1.8 VEHICLE INGRESS EGRESS MANA
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• If possible, re-use swept or va
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4.5.1.9 WINTERIZATIONDESCRIPTIONBet
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCEEnsure th
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4.5.1.10 CONSTRUCTION STAGINGAltern
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4.5.1.11 MATERIAL HANDLING STORAGE
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• Ensure that current Material Sa
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4.5.1.12 TOPSOIL SALVAGEAlternative
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• If topsoil will not be used for
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4.5.1.13 CONCRETE/BENTONITE MANAGEM
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Figure 4.5-i: Concrete Washout Stat
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4.5.1.14 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENTAltern
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Figure 4.5-j: Stockpile ManagementT
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4.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLR
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4.5.2.1 SWEEPINGDESCRIPTIONDuring c
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4.5.2.2 DRAIN INLET PROTECTIONAlter
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inches. Take care to ensure that no
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Figure 4.5-k: Drain Inlet Protectio
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4.5.2.3 FIBER ROLLAlternative Names
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• Adjust spacing of fiber rolls a
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Figure 4.5-l: Fiber RollsTRPA BMP H
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4.5.2.4 SILT FENCEAlternative Names
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• Turn the fabric uphill at the e
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Figure 4.5-m: Silt FenceTRPA BMP Ha
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4.5.2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKET SYS
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structures mark the boundaries of t
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Figure 4.5-p: Anchoring Geotextiles
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4.5.2.6 HYDROMULCH, TACKIFIER, AND
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Hydro
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5.2 SOILSoil is a complex living sy
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Tilling green wood chips intothe so
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areas such as SEZs and in shorezone
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Large boulders provide permanent ve
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To address this TRPA’s Regional P
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to apply ½ inch of water. Water yo
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Pesticides can be degraded by sunli
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5.3.2.5 FIRE DEFENSIBLE SPACEFire d
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etween them. For example, shrubs wi
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5.4 PROJECT SCALE REQUIREMENTSSoil
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5.4.1.5 PROJECT INSTALLATIONA. CONT
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percent vegetative cover, soil surf
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TRPA Revegetation Plan TemplateSoil
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(c) GRADING AND SLOPE SHAPINGDescri
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TRPA Revegetation Plan ExampleSoil
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• All machinery must be clean bef
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Common NameScientific NameScotchbro
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during dry weather. All debris, roo
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substantially different that the pe
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TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 5: Soil an
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Fertilizer Management PlanProject N
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IV. MONITORINGSurface and groundwat
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I. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONGold
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Table 5-1: Description of Revegetat
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTS
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTW
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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• Section 6.2 describes methods f
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equirements. At a minimum, training
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Vactor equipment removes sediment a
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Industrial Properties, Marinas, and
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• Rinse the rock with hose water
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EXAMPLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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MONITORING PLAN TEMPLATE1. TITLE PA
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MONITORING, INSPECTION, ANDMAINTENA
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Sample Site123 Main StreetSouth Lak
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3. MONITORINGIn 2011, South Lake Ta
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ATTACHMENT BWATER QUALITY DATA
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ATTACHMENT DINSPECTION AND MAINTENC
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• Discharge of stormwater from in
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PAVING SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PR
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TRPA Shorezone permit (www.trpa.org
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CHAPTER 8: SHOREZONE PROTECTIVESTRU
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technical guidance on structural an
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Pope has developed a shorezone miti
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ADVANTAGES• Protect parcel develo
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Table 8-3: Categorical Classificati
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generate observable changes in the
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Table 8-5: The General Geomorphic C
Page 614 and 615: 8.1.8.2 TOLERANCE DISTRICT AND BACK
Page 616 and 617: Figure 8-e: Option 2—Backshore De
Page 618 and 619: Scenic Resources and project compli
Page 620 and 621: 8.2 BULKHEADS AND LAKE WALLS8.2.1 O
Page 622 and 623: oth the beach immediately fronting
Page 624 and 625: Like all BMPs, bulkheads and lake w
Page 626 and 627: For a bulkhead located such that th
Page 628 and 629: Figure 8-i: Typical Lake Wall (Grav
Page 630 and 631: Table 8-9: Advantages and Disadvant
Page 632 and 633: maintains its position under wave s
Page 634 and 635: 8.3.4 INSTALLATIONAs with bulkheads
Page 636 and 637: Table 8-11: Advantages and Disadvan
Page 638 and 639: V t ≥ 5R c2(Equation 4.1)Where:Vt
Page 640 and 641: 8.5 BEACH NOURISHMENT AND REPLENISH
Page 642 and 643: of not being able to protect the ba
Page 644 and 645: • The material must be washed to
Page 646 and 647: nourishment will be determined by m
Page 650 and 651: 8.7 BREAKWATERS8.7.1 OVERVIEWBreakw
Page 652 and 653: The procedure for determining armor
Page 654 and 655: 8.8 SHOREZONE VEGETATION8.8.1 OVERV
Page 656 and 657: vegetation. Protecting a tree from
Page 658 and 659: Overall, dredging can be either a p
Page 660 and 661: The Pneuma pump is a piece of dredg
Page 662 and 663: nature of the project and the poten
Page 666 and 667: weights or connected firmly to sand
Page 668 and 669: Figure 8-o: Turbidity Curtain Desig
Page 670 and 671: Aquatic invasive species (AIS) also
Page 672 and 673: tanks into a sewage retention and/o
Page 674 and 675: • A common problem with recreatio
Page 676 and 677: 8.12 BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTION AND VEH
Page 680 and 681: amp at the change of grade. A V-gro
Page 682 and 683: Figure 8-p: Boat Ramp DesignTRPA BM
Page 684 and 685: Table 8-22: Overview of Geotechnica
Page 686 and 687: 8.14 SHOREZONE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE
Page 688 and 689: 8.14.2 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FO
Page 690 and 691: some designated boundary or sphere
Page 692 and 693: spawning grounds and juvenile nurse
Page 694 and 695: Marine Science, School of Geoscienc
Page 696 and 697: Osborne, R.H., et. Al. (1985). Sedi
Page 698 and 699: 8.16 APPENDICES8.16.1 DESIGN CALCUL
Page 700 and 701: Figure 8-r defines the primary wave
Page 702 and 703: 8.16.1.2 WAVE RUN-UP FORMULA FOR BA
Page 704 and 705: • Use Equation 16.10 to calculate
Page 706 and 707: Figure 8-u: Design Wave CasesTRPA B
Page 708 and 709: Figure 8-v: Wave Setup and Run-Up f
Page 710 and 711: Alternative methods of wave calcula
Page 712 and 713: GLOSSARYAccretionMay be either a na
Page 714 and 715:
eaches have no berm, others have se
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DensityMass (in kg) per unit of vol
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Fire Defensible SpaceRefers to the
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Common terms related to land covera
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PermeabilityThe property of a bulk
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ScourRemoval of underwater material
Page 726 and 727:
SlopeThe degree of inclination to t
Page 728 and 729:
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)C
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ACRONYMSACES - Automated Coastal En
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NPS - Nonpoint SourceNRCS - Natural
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BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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