BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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1.3.3.6 POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION MODEL (PLRM)MODEL SUMMARYThe Pollutant Load Reduction Model (PLRM) was developed specifically forthe Lake Tahoe Region to compute Pollutant Load Estimates at the scale ofpublic water quality improvement projects. The PLRM uses long-termcontinuous simulations of hydrology and Lake Tahoe Region water qualitydata to compare stormwater project alternatives based on quantitativecomparisons of pollutant loads and runoff volumes. The PLRM program codeaugments the source code from EPA’s Storm Water Management Modelversion 5 (SWMM5) graphical user interface (GUI) to include customized userinput forms specific to Lake Tahoe Region stormwater management practices.The customized user input forms are linked to a Microsoft Access® databasethat contains Tahoe-specific data and default parameters necessary for runninga SWMM5 simulation.Modeled scenarios in the PLRM may vary based on user specified inputs thataffect pollutant load generation and reduction, which can include: land usetypes and land use conditions, pollutant source controls, hydrologic sourcecontrols, and centralized stormwater treatment BMPs.The PLRM reports output summarized as average annual runoff volumes andpollutant loads for each modeled scenario. The PLRM allows for comparisonof various alternatives against a baseline scenario to evaluate potential loadreductions.APPLICATIONPLRMLess Than 1 Acreand SFRPROJECT SCALE AND COMPLEXITY1 to 5 Acres andCICUGreater Than 5AcresSizing Conveyance× × ×Sizing Storage Facilities× × ×Estimating Pollutant Loads× • √APPLICATIONSThe PLRM was designed for Pollutant Load Estimates at the scale of typicalpublic water quality improvement projects and is the recommended model forthis application. The PLRM does not Size Conveyances or Storage Facilities.Projects at the 1 to 5 Acre scale with complex water quality conditions, orthose with expectations of detailed water quality analyses, may benefit fromthe use of the PLRM.The PLRM does not assist in Sizing Storage Facilities or Pollutant LoadEstimates at the Less Than 1 Acre scale. However, the PLRM can be used toTRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 1: Urban Hydrology2012 Page 1-23
estimate pollutant loads for varying levels of private BMP implementation at alarger (e.g., catchment, neighborhood) scale for planning studies. For example,the PLRM can be used to estimate differences in pollutant loads for a projectarea with 25 percent private property BMP compliance compared to 75 percentprivate property BMP compliance (or any variation of this example).INPUT DATA NEEDSThe PLRM uses long-term continuous simulations to estimate pollutantloading. Because of the complexity of the analyses employed by the PLRM,input data needs are relatively complex compared to other hydrology andwater quality applications currently used in the Lake Tahoe Region. However,the PLRM was specifically designed for use in Lake Tahoe Region stormwaterpractice, and relative to other available models that could also be used toestimate pollutant loading from the Greater Than 5 Acre scale (e.g. SWMMand HSFP/LSPC) the PLRM significantly reduces input data needs.Input data needs to perform a model simulation require data typically collectedand compiled in current Lake Tahoe Region practice for implementingstormwater quality improvement projects (i.e. Formulating and EvaluatingAlternatives [SWQIC, 2004]). Generalized data inputs include:• Project location in the Lake Tahoe Region• Catchment delineation(s) and catchment specific data:• Total area• Land use distributions and impervious area by land use• Soil distributions from NRCS Soil Survey Data• Average slope• Road conditions• Drainage conditions• Storm water treatment (SWT) facility design parameters (when a SWTfacility is present or proposed)TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTBecause the PLRM was specifically built for Pollutant Load Estimatesgenerated by public water quality projects in the Lake Tahoe Region, it ismuch easier to apply than other continuous simulation models that can servethis purpose (e.g. HSPF/LSPC and SWMM). However, while the PLRM ispractical for application in a relative sense, it requires experience in waterquality, hydrology, and water resources modeling to successfully apply. A userof the PLRM will typically need a moderate level of training and experience,and a few days to one week of time to review supporting documentation tounderstand how to apply the model.CHAPTER 1: Urban HydrologyTRPA BMP HandbookPage 1-24 2012
Page 5 and 6:
PREFACEThe Tahoe Regional Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE...........
Page 9: 3.5.5 Stormwater Treatment ........
Page 12 and 13: 6.3 Projects 1 to 5 Acres and all C
Page 14 and 15: 8.10.5 Maintenance ................
Page 16 and 17: Table 8-4: Federal, State and Regio
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated Swale .....
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND USERS OF TH
Page 22 and 23: Lake Tahoe’s world renowned blue
Page 24 and 25: Urbanization in the Lake Tahoe wate
Page 26 and 27: 50 percent of the light scattering
Page 28 and 29: Figure I-c: Impervious Cover versus
Page 30 and 31: Disconnected impervious areasdrain
Page 32 and 33: POLLUTANT EFFECT URBAN SOURCES ASSO
Page 34 and 35: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESHistorical
Page 36 and 37: Table I-2: Differences in BMP Retro
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 1: URBAN HYDROLOGY1.1 PURPO
Page 40 and 41: Figure 1-a: Runoff ProcessesTRPA BM
Page 42 and 43: Although many urbanized areas face
Page 44 and 45: watersheds to make the necessary es
Page 46 and 47: Pollutant load estimates are typica
Page 48 and 49: differ from the following recommend
Page 50 and 51: Figure 1-b: Hydrologic Processes an
Page 52 and 53: 1.3.3.2 NRCS BMP CALCULATION SPREAD
Page 54 and 55: 1.3.3.3 RATIONAL METHODMODEL SUMMAR
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.3.4 LOAD REDUCTION PLANNING TOO
Page 58 and 59: in HMS may be event-based or contin
Page 62 and 63: AVAILABILITY AND SUPPORTING DOCUMEN
Page 64 and 65: TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTHSPF and LSP
Page 66 and 67: few days to a week of time to revie
Page 68 and 69: USACE studies recommended use of th
Page 70 and 71: during the initial site visit, or c
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2-a: Soil Horizons• Depth
Page 74 and 75: Evidence of compacted and disturbed
Page 76 and 77: UNMAPPED ROCK OUTCROPS, STEEP SLOPE
Page 78 and 79: The primary pollutants of concern o
Page 80 and 81: On the map use an arrow to delineat
Page 82 and 83: 2.2.3 ADDITIONAL DATA GATHERINGAfte
Page 84 and 85: and allowable uses. Baseline Land C
Page 86: topographic survey will be required
Page 89: Table 2-3: Basis of Capability Clas
Page 92 and 93: Keep your property lean, clean,and
Page 94 and 95: treatment. This will reduce the mai
Page 96 and 97: ponds, wetlands, lakes, manmade cha
Page 98 and 99: 2.3.3.2 SOILS HYDROLOGIC REPORTThe
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER 3: PERMANENT BMP PLANNINGAN
Page 102 and 103: STORMWATER TREATMENTRepresents BMPs
Page 104 and 105: Table 3-1: Waste Management and Mat
Page 106 and 107: D. STABILIZE STEEP DISTURBED SLOPES
Page 108 and 109: This infiltration trench collects s
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3.5 PROJECTS 1 TO 5 ACRES AND ALL C
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This Page Blank.TRPA BMP HandbookCH
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unnecessary turf areas and replace
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Table 3-5: Waste Management and Mat
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3.5.2.3 SOIL STABILIZATIONA. RESTOR
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Left: Dripline erosion below a deck
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Pervious concrete parking pad locat
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3.5.5 STORMWATER TREATMENT3.5.5.1 M
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3.6.1.1 JURISDICTIONThese projects
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to perform required inspection and
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3.8.2.4 SHARED ACCESS AND EASEMENTS
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3.8.2.8 STREAM ENVIRONMENT ZONES (S
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Sediment versus erosion:Suspended s
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT ....
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CHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT4.1 HYDROLOGI
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4.1.1.1 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTAlternativ
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• Tree canopy overhead can decrea
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ate determined at the time of insta
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Figure 4.1-a: Pervious ConcreteTRPA
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4.1.1.2 INFILTRATION BASINAlternati
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groundwater, depths to restrictive
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Very few performance monitoring stu
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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4.1.1.3 INFILTRATION TRENCHAlternat
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• Consult the NRCS Tahoe Basin So
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• Alternative Method: Excavate th
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Figure 4.1-c: Infiltration TrenchTR
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Figure 4.1-e: Roof Dripline Planter
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4.1.1.4 SUBSURFACE INFILTRATION SYS
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percent void space compared to 40 p
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• Ensure the surrounding surface
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4.1.1.5 RAIN BARREL AND CISTERNAlte
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• Position the rain barrel or cis
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4.1.1.6 RAIN GARDENAlternative Name
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• To manage high flows, design a
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4.1.1.7 FILTER STRIPAlternative Nam
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• The top of the vegetated filter
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Figure 4.1-i: Vegetated Filter Stri
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.2-a: Slope
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Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
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• Obtain and use a road abrasive
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• Mechanical broom sweepers may a
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA signi
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for dry basins or infiltration basi
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• For unpaved snow storage areas
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Figure 4.2-a: Slope Stabilization A
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Disadvantages• Not always success
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• Bind together long live branch
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Brush Layering and MattingBrush lay
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Advantages• Reduces the erosion p
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Table 4.2-1: Terracing Inspection a
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Disadvantages• Can be complicated
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• Revegetate the backfilled bench
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Figure 4.2-d: Timber Retaining Wall
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Advantages• Versatile and applica
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Table 4.2-3: Riprap Inspection and
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educe the concentration of runoff,
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Figure 4.2-g: Slope Bottom BenchFig
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• Contour Furrows - relatively de
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APPLICABILITYAll roads, driveways,
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Stormwater runoff from a paved park
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Figure 4.2-k: Grading for Sheet Flo
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INORGANIC MULCH:• Areas where org
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• Stockpile and use existing orga
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The surface under the raised decksh
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Figure 4.2-l: Rock Armor - Elevated
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Clustered boulders used for parking
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• Helps to protect wildlife.• H
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA prope
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Improper storage of hazardous mater
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• Try to use the entire product b
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facilities must be equipped with ap
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• Dispose of it properly• Be a
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Disadvantages• Additional resourc
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• All hay, cubed hay, straw, mulc
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• Sanitary sewer regulations gene
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APPLICABILITYAll vehicles, includin
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• Do not perform other vehicle or
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.3-a: Curb B
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APPLICABILITY• Culverts are appli
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deterioration. The inspection crew
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APPLICABILITY• Curb and gutters a
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Inst
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Figure 4.3-b: Rolled CurbChapter 4:
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Advantages• Prevents the discharg
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Table 4.3-2: Storm Drain Inspection
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Advantages• Prevents scour that m
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Figure 4.3-c: Outlet ProtectionChap
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• The structure can be designed t
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Disc
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Advantages• Assists in the contro
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Figure 4.3-e: Slotted Channel Drain
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Advantages• May be less expensive
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Table 4.3-5: A/C Swale Inspection a
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• Prevents property damage, slope
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Figure 4.3-g: Subsurface DrainChapt
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abrasives applied during the winter
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Table 4.3-7: Rock Lined and Vegetat
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated SwaleChapte
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Check dams installed in water sprea
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• Design check dams perpendicular
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CONTENTS4.4 Stormwater Treatment ..
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4.4 STORMWATER TREATMENTThe primary
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4.4.1.1 WET BASINAlternative Names:
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• Surcharge storage above the wet
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Table 4.4-1: Wet Basin Inspection a
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Figure 4.4-a: Wet Basin (Concept Dr
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4.4.1.2 BIOSWALEAlternative Names:
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• Consider incorporating trees or
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Figure 4.4-b: Bioswale (Linear Basi
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4.4.1.3 DRY BASINAlternative Names:
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• Drainage design standards for t
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Figure 4.4-c: Detention BasinTRPA B
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4.4.2 FLOW THROUGH TREATMENTFlow-th
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4.4.2.1 DROP INLET INSERTAlternativ
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Refe
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4.4.2.2 TRASH RACKAlternate Names:
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4.4.2.3 BAFFLED VAULTAlternative Na
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• Ensure that site conditions all
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4.4.2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORAlter
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• Most units are designed to be c
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4.4.2.5 MEDIA FILTERAlternate Names
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Cartridge Filter• Cartridge filte
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• Vent the system as for undergro
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4.4.2.6 SEDIMENT TRAPAlternative Na
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Regul
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Figure 4.4-e: Sediment TrapTRPA BMP
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CONTENTS4.5 Temporary BMPs for Cons
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4.5 TEMPORARY BMPS FOR CONSTRUCTION
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concrete washouts and stockpiles sh
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4.5.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND S
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• Measures to minimize the potent
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4.5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY FENCI
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Figure 4.5-a: Construction Boundary
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4.5.1.3 DEWATERINGDESCRIPTIONDewate
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Figure 4.5-b: DewateringTRPA BMP Ha
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• Use this settled water to fill
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4.5.1.4 CLEAN WATER DIVERSIONAltern
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• Avoid disturbing aquatic specie
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• Pipe slope drain: A rigid pipe,
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Stream Isolation Techniques:• Tur
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Figure 4.5-f: Water DiversionTRPA B
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4.5.1.5 VEGETATION PROTECTIONAltern
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• Growing Space: Provide spacing
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Figure 4.5-g: Vegetation Protection
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4.5.1.6 TEMPORARY SANITATION FACILI
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4.5.1.7 DUST CONTROLAlternate Names
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• Blanket with geotextiles or veg
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4.5.1.8 VEHICLE INGRESS EGRESS MANA
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• If possible, re-use swept or va
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4.5.1.9 WINTERIZATIONDESCRIPTIONBet
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCEEnsure th
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4.5.1.10 CONSTRUCTION STAGINGAltern
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4.5.1.11 MATERIAL HANDLING STORAGE
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• Ensure that current Material Sa
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4.5.1.12 TOPSOIL SALVAGEAlternative
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• If topsoil will not be used for
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4.5.1.13 CONCRETE/BENTONITE MANAGEM
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Figure 4.5-i: Concrete Washout Stat
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4.5.1.14 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENTAltern
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Figure 4.5-j: Stockpile ManagementT
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4.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLR
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4.5.2.1 SWEEPINGDESCRIPTIONDuring c
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4.5.2.2 DRAIN INLET PROTECTIONAlter
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inches. Take care to ensure that no
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Figure 4.5-k: Drain Inlet Protectio
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4.5.2.3 FIBER ROLLAlternative Names
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• Adjust spacing of fiber rolls a
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Figure 4.5-l: Fiber RollsTRPA BMP H
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4.5.2.4 SILT FENCEAlternative Names
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• Turn the fabric uphill at the e
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Figure 4.5-m: Silt FenceTRPA BMP Ha
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4.5.2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKET SYS
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structures mark the boundaries of t
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Figure 4.5-p: Anchoring Geotextiles
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4.5.2.6 HYDROMULCH, TACKIFIER, AND
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Hydro
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5.2 SOILSoil is a complex living sy
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Tilling green wood chips intothe so
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areas such as SEZs and in shorezone
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Large boulders provide permanent ve
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To address this TRPA’s Regional P
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to apply ½ inch of water. Water yo
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Pesticides can be degraded by sunli
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5.3.2.5 FIRE DEFENSIBLE SPACEFire d
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etween them. For example, shrubs wi
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5.4 PROJECT SCALE REQUIREMENTSSoil
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5.4.1.5 PROJECT INSTALLATIONA. CONT
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percent vegetative cover, soil surf
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TRPA Revegetation Plan TemplateSoil
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(c) GRADING AND SLOPE SHAPINGDescri
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TRPA Revegetation Plan ExampleSoil
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• All machinery must be clean bef
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Common NameScientific NameScotchbro
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during dry weather. All debris, roo
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substantially different that the pe
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TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 5: Soil an
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Fertilizer Management PlanProject N
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IV. MONITORINGSurface and groundwat
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I. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONGold
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Table 5-1: Description of Revegetat
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTS
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTW
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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• Section 6.2 describes methods f
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equirements. At a minimum, training
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Vactor equipment removes sediment a
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Industrial Properties, Marinas, and
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• Rinse the rock with hose water
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EXAMPLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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MONITORING PLAN TEMPLATE1. TITLE PA
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MONITORING, INSPECTION, ANDMAINTENA
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Sample Site123 Main StreetSouth Lak
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3. MONITORINGIn 2011, South Lake Ta
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ATTACHMENT BWATER QUALITY DATA
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ATTACHMENT DINSPECTION AND MAINTENC
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• Discharge of stormwater from in
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PAVING SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PR
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TRPA Shorezone permit (www.trpa.org
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CHAPTER 8: SHOREZONE PROTECTIVESTRU
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technical guidance on structural an
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Pope has developed a shorezone miti
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ADVANTAGES• Protect parcel develo
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Table 8-3: Categorical Classificati
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generate observable changes in the
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Table 8-5: The General Geomorphic C
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8.1.8.2 TOLERANCE DISTRICT AND BACK
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Figure 8-e: Option 2—Backshore De
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Scenic Resources and project compli
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8.2 BULKHEADS AND LAKE WALLS8.2.1 O
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oth the beach immediately fronting
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Like all BMPs, bulkheads and lake w
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For a bulkhead located such that th
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Figure 8-i: Typical Lake Wall (Grav
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Table 8-9: Advantages and Disadvant
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maintains its position under wave s
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8.3.4 INSTALLATIONAs with bulkheads
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Table 8-11: Advantages and Disadvan
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V t ≥ 5R c2(Equation 4.1)Where:Vt
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8.5 BEACH NOURISHMENT AND REPLENISH
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of not being able to protect the ba
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• The material must be washed to
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nourishment will be determined by m
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8.7 BREAKWATERS8.7.1 OVERVIEWBreakw
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The procedure for determining armor
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8.8 SHOREZONE VEGETATION8.8.1 OVERV
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vegetation. Protecting a tree from
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Overall, dredging can be either a p
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The Pneuma pump is a piece of dredg
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nature of the project and the poten
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8.10 TURBIDITY CURTAINS8.10.1 OVERV
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weights or connected firmly to sand
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Figure 8-o: Turbidity Curtain Desig
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Aquatic invasive species (AIS) also
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tanks into a sewage retention and/o
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• A common problem with recreatio
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8.12 BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTION AND VEH
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amp at the change of grade. A V-gro
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Figure 8-p: Boat Ramp DesignTRPA BM
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Table 8-22: Overview of Geotechnica
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8.14 SHOREZONE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE
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8.14.2 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FO
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some designated boundary or sphere
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spawning grounds and juvenile nurse
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Marine Science, School of Geoscienc
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Osborne, R.H., et. Al. (1985). Sedi
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8.16 APPENDICES8.16.1 DESIGN CALCUL
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Figure 8-r defines the primary wave
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8.16.1.2 WAVE RUN-UP FORMULA FOR BA
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• Use Equation 16.10 to calculate
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Figure 8-u: Design Wave CasesTRPA B
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Figure 8-v: Wave Setup and Run-Up f
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Alternative methods of wave calcula
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GLOSSARYAccretionMay be either a na
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eaches have no berm, others have se
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DensityMass (in kg) per unit of vol
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Fire Defensible SpaceRefers to the
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Common terms related to land covera
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PermeabilityThe property of a bulk
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ScourRemoval of underwater material
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SlopeThe degree of inclination to t
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Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)C
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ACRONYMSACES - Automated Coastal En
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NPS - Nonpoint SourceNRCS - Natural
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BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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