BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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Marine Science, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW2006, Sydney, Australia.Foxx, Nielsen and Associates (1989). Preliminary Geologic Report AddressingLittoral Sand Transport at the Proposed Ski Run Marina, South LakeTahoe, California.Fulton-Bennett, K. and Griggs, G.B. (1986). Coastal Protection Structures andTheir Effectiveness. Joint Publication of the State of CaliforniaDepartment of Boating and Waterways and the Marine SciencesInstitute of the University of California at Santa Cruz.Goldman, C.R., Moory, R.L., Osborne, R. (1983). Environmental Assessmenton Shorezone Facilities at Fleur du Lac, Placer County, California.Gray, D.H. and Leiser, A.T. (1982). Biotechnical Slope Protection and ErosionControl. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York.Griggs and Trenhaile (1994). Coastal Evolution: Late Quarternary ShorelineMorphodynamics, Cambridge University Press.Griggs, G.B. (2005). The Impacts of Coastal Armouring on the Shore andBeach, Journal of Coastal Research 73:1 pp13-22.Hall, L.W., Jr., M.J. Lenkevich, W.S. Hall, A.E. Pinkney, and S.T. Bushong.(1987). Evaluation of Butyltin Compounds in Maryland Waters ofChesapeake Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 18(2):78-83.Hall, S.J. (1994). Physical disturbance and marine benthic communities: life inunconsolidated sediments. Oceanography and Marine Biology. AnAnnual Review, 32, 179 239.Hyland, J. L., L. Balthis, C. T. Hackney, G. McRae, A. H. Ringwood, T. R.Snoots, R. F. Van Dolah, and T. L. Wade (1998). NOAA TechnicalMemorandum NOS ORCA 123. NOAA/NOS, Office of OceanResources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD,Environmental quality of estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1995.Annual statistical summary for the 1995 EMAP-EstuariesDemonstration Project in the Carolinian Province.Kaufman and Pilkey (1983). The Beaches are Moving; The Drowning ofAmerica’s Shoreline. Duke University Press. North Carolina.Keller, E. A. (1988). Environmental Geology. Merrill Publishing Company.Toronto.Komar, P. D. (1983). Handbook of Coastal Processes and Erosion. CRC Press.Boca Raton, FL.TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 8: Shorezone Protective Structures and BMPs2012 Page 8-95
Komar, P. D., and McDougal, W. G. (1998). Coastal Erosion and EngineeringStructures: The Oregon Experience, Journal of Coastal Research,Special Issue No.4, pp 79-94.Kraus, N. C., and McDougal, W. G. (1996). The Effects of Seawalls on theBeach: Part I, An Updated Literature Review, Journal of CoastalResearch, Volume 12, pp 691-701.Lorang M.S. (1991). Predicting Threshold Entrainment Mass for a BoulderBeach, Journal of Coastal research, College of Oceanography andAtmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis, OR.Lorang M.S. (1999). Predicting the Crest Height of a Gravel Beach, Journal ofCoastal research, College of Oceanography and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State University Corvallis, OR.Moody and Madsen (1995). Laboratory Study of the Effect of Sea Walls onBeach, Erosion, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Oregon State University Corvallis OR.Moory, R.L. (1997). Sediment Transport and Shoreline Erosion Analysis: forthe Unauthorized Reconstruction of Shoreline Protective Structure at845 Stateline Avenue, City of South Lake Tahoe, California.Morgan, R.P.C. and Rickson, R.J. (1995). Water Erosion Control in SlopeStabilization and Erosion: A Bioengineering Approach. E and FNSpon. London.National Research Council. (1990). Beach Nourishment and Protection.National Academy of the Sciences Press, Washington. 334 pp.National Research Council. (1990). Managing Coastal Erosion. NationalAcademy of the Sciences Press, Washington. 182 pp.Naqvi, Syed M; Pullen, Edward J, (1982). Coastal Engineering Research CenterTechnical Bulletin, Fort Belvoir VAOrford J. D. (1977). A Proposed Mechanism for Storm Beach Sedimentation,Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Volume 2, Issue 4, pages 381–400.Orme, A.R. (1971). The Shorezone System for Lake Tahoe. Department forGeography, UCLA, Planning Grant from the Department of Housingand Urban Development. 30 p.Orme, A.R. (1972). Toward a Shorezone Plan for Lake Tahoe. Department ofGeography, UCLA. 52 p.CHAPTER 8: Shorezone Protective Structures and BMPsTRPA BMP HandbookPage 8-96 2012
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PREFACEThe Tahoe Regional Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE...........
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3.5.5 Stormwater Treatment ........
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6.3 Projects 1 to 5 Acres and all C
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8.10.5 Maintenance ................
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Table 8-4: Federal, State and Regio
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated Swale .....
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INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND USERS OF TH
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Lake Tahoe’s world renowned blue
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Urbanization in the Lake Tahoe wate
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50 percent of the light scattering
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Figure I-c: Impervious Cover versus
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Disconnected impervious areasdrain
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POLLUTANT EFFECT URBAN SOURCES ASSO
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESHistorical
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Table I-2: Differences in BMP Retro
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CHAPTER 1: URBAN HYDROLOGY1.1 PURPO
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Figure 1-a: Runoff ProcessesTRPA BM
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Although many urbanized areas face
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watersheds to make the necessary es
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Pollutant load estimates are typica
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differ from the following recommend
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Figure 1-b: Hydrologic Processes an
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1.3.3.2 NRCS BMP CALCULATION SPREAD
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1.3.3.3 RATIONAL METHODMODEL SUMMAR
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1.3.3.4 LOAD REDUCTION PLANNING TOO
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in HMS may be event-based or contin
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1.3.3.6 POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION MO
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AVAILABILITY AND SUPPORTING DOCUMEN
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TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTHSPF and LSP
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few days to a week of time to revie
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USACE studies recommended use of th
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during the initial site visit, or c
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Figure 2-a: Soil Horizons• Depth
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Evidence of compacted and disturbed
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UNMAPPED ROCK OUTCROPS, STEEP SLOPE
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The primary pollutants of concern o
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On the map use an arrow to delineat
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2.2.3 ADDITIONAL DATA GATHERINGAfte
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and allowable uses. Baseline Land C
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topographic survey will be required
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Table 2-3: Basis of Capability Clas
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Keep your property lean, clean,and
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treatment. This will reduce the mai
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ponds, wetlands, lakes, manmade cha
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2.3.3.2 SOILS HYDROLOGIC REPORTThe
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CHAPTER 3: PERMANENT BMP PLANNINGAN
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STORMWATER TREATMENTRepresents BMPs
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Table 3-1: Waste Management and Mat
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D. STABILIZE STEEP DISTURBED SLOPES
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This infiltration trench collects s
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3.5 PROJECTS 1 TO 5 ACRES AND ALL C
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This Page Blank.TRPA BMP HandbookCH
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unnecessary turf areas and replace
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Table 3-5: Waste Management and Mat
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3.5.2.3 SOIL STABILIZATIONA. RESTOR
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Left: Dripline erosion below a deck
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Pervious concrete parking pad locat
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3.5.5 STORMWATER TREATMENT3.5.5.1 M
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3.6.1.1 JURISDICTIONThese projects
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to perform required inspection and
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3.8.2.4 SHARED ACCESS AND EASEMENTS
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3.8.2.8 STREAM ENVIRONMENT ZONES (S
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Sediment versus erosion:Suspended s
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT ....
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CHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT4.1 HYDROLOGI
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4.1.1.1 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTAlternativ
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• Tree canopy overhead can decrea
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ate determined at the time of insta
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Figure 4.1-a: Pervious ConcreteTRPA
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4.1.1.2 INFILTRATION BASINAlternati
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groundwater, depths to restrictive
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Very few performance monitoring stu
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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4.1.1.3 INFILTRATION TRENCHAlternat
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• Consult the NRCS Tahoe Basin So
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• Alternative Method: Excavate th
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Figure 4.1-c: Infiltration TrenchTR
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Figure 4.1-e: Roof Dripline Planter
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4.1.1.4 SUBSURFACE INFILTRATION SYS
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percent void space compared to 40 p
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• Ensure the surrounding surface
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4.1.1.5 RAIN BARREL AND CISTERNAlte
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• Position the rain barrel or cis
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4.1.1.6 RAIN GARDENAlternative Name
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• To manage high flows, design a
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4.1.1.7 FILTER STRIPAlternative Nam
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• The top of the vegetated filter
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Figure 4.1-i: Vegetated Filter Stri
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.2-a: Slope
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Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
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• Obtain and use a road abrasive
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• Mechanical broom sweepers may a
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA signi
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for dry basins or infiltration basi
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• For unpaved snow storage areas
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Figure 4.2-a: Slope Stabilization A
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Disadvantages• Not always success
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• Bind together long live branch
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Brush Layering and MattingBrush lay
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Advantages• Reduces the erosion p
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Table 4.2-1: Terracing Inspection a
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Disadvantages• Can be complicated
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• Revegetate the backfilled bench
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Figure 4.2-d: Timber Retaining Wall
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Advantages• Versatile and applica
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Table 4.2-3: Riprap Inspection and
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educe the concentration of runoff,
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Figure 4.2-g: Slope Bottom BenchFig
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• Contour Furrows - relatively de
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APPLICABILITYAll roads, driveways,
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Stormwater runoff from a paved park
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Figure 4.2-k: Grading for Sheet Flo
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INORGANIC MULCH:• Areas where org
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• Stockpile and use existing orga
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The surface under the raised decksh
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Figure 4.2-l: Rock Armor - Elevated
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Clustered boulders used for parking
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• Helps to protect wildlife.• H
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA prope
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Improper storage of hazardous mater
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• Try to use the entire product b
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facilities must be equipped with ap
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• Dispose of it properly• Be a
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Disadvantages• Additional resourc
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• All hay, cubed hay, straw, mulc
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• Sanitary sewer regulations gene
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APPLICABILITYAll vehicles, includin
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• Do not perform other vehicle or
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.3-a: Curb B
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APPLICABILITY• Culverts are appli
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deterioration. The inspection crew
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APPLICABILITY• Curb and gutters a
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Inst
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Figure 4.3-b: Rolled CurbChapter 4:
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Advantages• Prevents the discharg
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Table 4.3-2: Storm Drain Inspection
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Advantages• Prevents scour that m
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Figure 4.3-c: Outlet ProtectionChap
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• The structure can be designed t
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Disc
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Advantages• Assists in the contro
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Figure 4.3-e: Slotted Channel Drain
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Advantages• May be less expensive
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Table 4.3-5: A/C Swale Inspection a
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• Prevents property damage, slope
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Figure 4.3-g: Subsurface DrainChapt
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abrasives applied during the winter
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Table 4.3-7: Rock Lined and Vegetat
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated SwaleChapte
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Check dams installed in water sprea
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• Design check dams perpendicular
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CONTENTS4.4 Stormwater Treatment ..
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4.4 STORMWATER TREATMENTThe primary
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4.4.1.1 WET BASINAlternative Names:
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• Surcharge storage above the wet
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Table 4.4-1: Wet Basin Inspection a
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Figure 4.4-a: Wet Basin (Concept Dr
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4.4.1.2 BIOSWALEAlternative Names:
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• Consider incorporating trees or
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Figure 4.4-b: Bioswale (Linear Basi
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4.4.1.3 DRY BASINAlternative Names:
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• Drainage design standards for t
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Figure 4.4-c: Detention BasinTRPA B
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4.4.2 FLOW THROUGH TREATMENTFlow-th
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4.4.2.1 DROP INLET INSERTAlternativ
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Refe
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4.4.2.2 TRASH RACKAlternate Names:
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4.4.2.3 BAFFLED VAULTAlternative Na
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• Ensure that site conditions all
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4.4.2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORAlter
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• Most units are designed to be c
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4.4.2.5 MEDIA FILTERAlternate Names
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Cartridge Filter• Cartridge filte
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• Vent the system as for undergro
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4.4.2.6 SEDIMENT TRAPAlternative Na
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Regul
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Figure 4.4-e: Sediment TrapTRPA BMP
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CONTENTS4.5 Temporary BMPs for Cons
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4.5 TEMPORARY BMPS FOR CONSTRUCTION
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concrete washouts and stockpiles sh
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4.5.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND S
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• Measures to minimize the potent
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4.5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY FENCI
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Figure 4.5-a: Construction Boundary
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4.5.1.3 DEWATERINGDESCRIPTIONDewate
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Figure 4.5-b: DewateringTRPA BMP Ha
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• Use this settled water to fill
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4.5.1.4 CLEAN WATER DIVERSIONAltern
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• Avoid disturbing aquatic specie
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• Pipe slope drain: A rigid pipe,
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Stream Isolation Techniques:• Tur
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Figure 4.5-f: Water DiversionTRPA B
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4.5.1.5 VEGETATION PROTECTIONAltern
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• Growing Space: Provide spacing
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Figure 4.5-g: Vegetation Protection
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4.5.1.6 TEMPORARY SANITATION FACILI
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4.5.1.7 DUST CONTROLAlternate Names
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• Blanket with geotextiles or veg
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4.5.1.8 VEHICLE INGRESS EGRESS MANA
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• If possible, re-use swept or va
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4.5.1.9 WINTERIZATIONDESCRIPTIONBet
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCEEnsure th
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4.5.1.10 CONSTRUCTION STAGINGAltern
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4.5.1.11 MATERIAL HANDLING STORAGE
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• Ensure that current Material Sa
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4.5.1.12 TOPSOIL SALVAGEAlternative
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• If topsoil will not be used for
Page 466 and 467:
4.5.1.13 CONCRETE/BENTONITE MANAGEM
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Figure 4.5-i: Concrete Washout Stat
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4.5.1.14 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENTAltern
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Figure 4.5-j: Stockpile ManagementT
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4.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLR
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4.5.2.1 SWEEPINGDESCRIPTIONDuring c
Page 478 and 479:
4.5.2.2 DRAIN INLET PROTECTIONAlter
Page 480 and 481:
inches. Take care to ensure that no
Page 482 and 483:
Figure 4.5-k: Drain Inlet Protectio
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4.5.2.3 FIBER ROLLAlternative Names
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• Adjust spacing of fiber rolls a
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Figure 4.5-l: Fiber RollsTRPA BMP H
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4.5.2.4 SILT FENCEAlternative Names
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• Turn the fabric uphill at the e
Page 494 and 495:
Figure 4.5-m: Silt FenceTRPA BMP Ha
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4.5.2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKET SYS
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structures mark the boundaries of t
Page 500 and 501:
Figure 4.5-p: Anchoring Geotextiles
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4.5.2.6 HYDROMULCH, TACKIFIER, AND
Page 504 and 505:
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Hydro
Page 506 and 507:
5.2 SOILSoil is a complex living sy
Page 508 and 509:
Tilling green wood chips intothe so
Page 510 and 511:
areas such as SEZs and in shorezone
Page 512 and 513:
Large boulders provide permanent ve
Page 514 and 515:
To address this TRPA’s Regional P
Page 516 and 517:
to apply ½ inch of water. Water yo
Page 518 and 519:
Pesticides can be degraded by sunli
Page 520 and 521:
5.3.2.5 FIRE DEFENSIBLE SPACEFire d
Page 522 and 523:
etween them. For example, shrubs wi
Page 524 and 525:
5.4 PROJECT SCALE REQUIREMENTSSoil
Page 526 and 527:
5.4.1.5 PROJECT INSTALLATIONA. CONT
Page 528 and 529:
percent vegetative cover, soil surf
Page 531 and 532:
TRPA Revegetation Plan TemplateSoil
Page 533 and 534:
(c) GRADING AND SLOPE SHAPINGDescri
Page 535 and 536:
TRPA Revegetation Plan ExampleSoil
Page 537 and 538:
• All machinery must be clean bef
Page 539 and 540:
Common NameScientific NameScotchbro
Page 541 and 542:
during dry weather. All debris, roo
Page 543 and 544:
substantially different that the pe
Page 545:
TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 5: Soil an
Page 548 and 549:
Fertilizer Management PlanProject N
Page 550 and 551:
IV. MONITORINGSurface and groundwat
Page 552 and 553:
I. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONGold
Page 555:
Table 5-1: Description of Revegetat
Page 558 and 559:
SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTS
Page 560 and 561:
SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTW
Page 562 and 563:
CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
Page 564 and 565:
TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
Page 566 and 567:
TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
Page 568 and 569:
CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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• Section 6.2 describes methods f
Page 572 and 573:
equirements. At a minimum, training
Page 574 and 575:
Vactor equipment removes sediment a
Page 576 and 577:
Industrial Properties, Marinas, and
Page 578 and 579:
• Rinse the rock with hose water
Page 580 and 581:
EXAMPLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Page 582 and 583:
MONITORING PLAN TEMPLATE1. TITLE PA
Page 584 and 585:
MONITORING, INSPECTION, ANDMAINTENA
Page 586 and 587:
Sample Site123 Main StreetSouth Lak
Page 588 and 589:
3. MONITORINGIn 2011, South Lake Ta
Page 590 and 591:
ATTACHMENT BWATER QUALITY DATA
Page 592 and 593:
ATTACHMENT DINSPECTION AND MAINTENC
Page 594 and 595:
• Discharge of stormwater from in
Page 596 and 597:
PAVING SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PR
Page 598 and 599:
TRPA Shorezone permit (www.trpa.org
Page 600 and 601:
CHAPTER 8: SHOREZONE PROTECTIVESTRU
Page 602 and 603:
technical guidance on structural an
Page 604 and 605:
Pope has developed a shorezone miti
Page 606 and 607:
ADVANTAGES• Protect parcel develo
Page 608 and 609:
Table 8-3: Categorical Classificati
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generate observable changes in the
Page 612 and 613:
Table 8-5: The General Geomorphic C
Page 614 and 615:
8.1.8.2 TOLERANCE DISTRICT AND BACK
Page 616 and 617:
Figure 8-e: Option 2—Backshore De
Page 618 and 619:
Scenic Resources and project compli
Page 620 and 621:
8.2 BULKHEADS AND LAKE WALLS8.2.1 O
Page 622 and 623:
oth the beach immediately fronting
Page 624 and 625:
Like all BMPs, bulkheads and lake w
Page 626 and 627:
For a bulkhead located such that th
Page 628 and 629:
Figure 8-i: Typical Lake Wall (Grav
Page 630 and 631:
Table 8-9: Advantages and Disadvant
Page 632 and 633:
maintains its position under wave s
Page 634 and 635:
8.3.4 INSTALLATIONAs with bulkheads
Page 636 and 637:
Table 8-11: Advantages and Disadvan
Page 638 and 639:
V t ≥ 5R c2(Equation 4.1)Where:Vt
Page 640 and 641:
8.5 BEACH NOURISHMENT AND REPLENISH
Page 642 and 643:
of not being able to protect the ba
Page 644 and 645: • The material must be washed to
Page 646 and 647: nourishment will be determined by m
Page 648 and 649: Table 8-14: Advantages and Disadvan
Page 650 and 651: 8.7 BREAKWATERS8.7.1 OVERVIEWBreakw
Page 652 and 653: The procedure for determining armor
Page 654 and 655: 8.8 SHOREZONE VEGETATION8.8.1 OVERV
Page 656 and 657: vegetation. Protecting a tree from
Page 658 and 659: Overall, dredging can be either a p
Page 660 and 661: The Pneuma pump is a piece of dredg
Page 662 and 663: nature of the project and the poten
Page 664 and 665: 8.10 TURBIDITY CURTAINS8.10.1 OVERV
Page 666 and 667: weights or connected firmly to sand
Page 668 and 669: Figure 8-o: Turbidity Curtain Desig
Page 670 and 671: Aquatic invasive species (AIS) also
Page 672 and 673: tanks into a sewage retention and/o
Page 674 and 675: • A common problem with recreatio
Page 676 and 677: 8.12 BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTION AND VEH
Page 678 and 679: Table 8-20: Advantages and Disadvan
Page 680 and 681: amp at the change of grade. A V-gro
Page 682 and 683: Figure 8-p: Boat Ramp DesignTRPA BM
Page 684 and 685: Table 8-22: Overview of Geotechnica
Page 686 and 687: 8.14 SHOREZONE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE
Page 688 and 689: 8.14.2 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FO
Page 690 and 691: some designated boundary or sphere
Page 692 and 693: spawning grounds and juvenile nurse
Page 696 and 697: Osborne, R.H., et. Al. (1985). Sedi
Page 698 and 699: 8.16 APPENDICES8.16.1 DESIGN CALCUL
Page 700 and 701: Figure 8-r defines the primary wave
Page 702 and 703: 8.16.1.2 WAVE RUN-UP FORMULA FOR BA
Page 704 and 705: • Use Equation 16.10 to calculate
Page 706 and 707: Figure 8-u: Design Wave CasesTRPA B
Page 708 and 709: Figure 8-v: Wave Setup and Run-Up f
Page 710 and 711: Alternative methods of wave calcula
Page 712 and 713: GLOSSARYAccretionMay be either a na
Page 714 and 715: eaches have no berm, others have se
Page 716 and 717: DensityMass (in kg) per unit of vol
Page 718 and 719: Fire Defensible SpaceRefers to the
Page 720 and 721: Common terms related to land covera
Page 722 and 723: PermeabilityThe property of a bulk
Page 724 and 725: ScourRemoval of underwater material
Page 726 and 727: SlopeThe degree of inclination to t
Page 728 and 729: Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)C
Page 730 and 731: ACRONYMSACES - Automated Coastal En
Page 732 and 733: NPS - Nonpoint SourceNRCS - Natural
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