BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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Brush Layering and MattingBrush layering and matting provides slope stability and resistance to soilslumping by inserting branch stems, roots or mulched woody material in atrench or cut slope parallel to the slope contour and backfilling with soil.Stems and roots trap sediment and debris, aid infiltration on dry slopes anduptake moisture on wet slopes. They also sprout and grow, further stabilizingthe slope, once vegetation becomes established. This method is more effectivethan wattles with respect to earth reinforcement and stability.Brush layering.• Install brush parallel to the slope contour in a trench or cut slope, andbackfill with soil excavated from the trench immediately uphill. Brush mayneed to be secured using stakes and/or wire prior to backfilling.• Consider use of mulch, temporary seeding, and erosion control blanketsbetween the trenches.• Avoid slopes steeper than 2:1 (run to rise) and generally limit slope lengthsto 20 feet or less.Live StakesLive stakes involve tamping live woody cuttings into the soil at depths close tothe water table. This practice creates a living root mat that stabilizes the soilby reinforcing and binding soil particles together and by extracting excess soilmoisture. Live stakes help repair small soil slumps caused by excessively wetsoil. They are an inexpensive technique and can be used in combination withother slope stabilization methods, such as riprap or erosion control blankets.Refer to Sections 4.2.2.4, Riprap and 4.5.2.5, Erosion Control Blanket Systemsfor more detail.Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Handbook4.2.2.1-Vegetated Slope Stabilization 2012Page 6
Live stakes.• Select live stakes that are 0.5 to 1.5 inches in diameter, and approximatelytwo to three feet in length. Install live stakes 2 to 3 feet apart. For easyinsertion, cut the rootward end to an angled point, and square the top todrive it into the ground.• Space stakes along the contour of the slope, with stakes offset relative toadjacent rows to avoid placing stakes above or below each other.• Establish a pilot hole for each live stake prior to driving it into the ground.Gently tamp stakes approximately 80 percent below the surface and firmlypack with soil after installation. Do not use stakes that split duringinstallation and remove top sections of stakes damaged during installation.INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Check vegetated structures annually and after significant storm events fordamage, soil slumping, and loose stakes or fasteners. Immediately repair andreplace as needed.• Ensure vegetated structures stay moist to facilitate rooting and sproutinguntil vegetation becomes established. Irrigation may be needed during thefirst two years after planting for vegetation establishment.EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSMany unstable areas can be improved by supplemental plantings that enhancebank stability, increase biodiversity, create wildlife habitat, and improve waterquality. One study, Improving the Establishment of Willow Cuttings inRiparian Areas by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service,highlights the importance of using indigenous plant materials to the site,proper sizing of cuttings, and pretreatment such as soaking. 88Logar R., Scianna J., 2005, Improving the Establishment of Willow Cuttings in Riparian Areas ForestryTechnical Note No. MT-25 for the USDA NRCSTRPA BMP HandbookChapter 4: BMP Toolkit2012 4.2.2.1-Vegetated Slope StabilizationPage 7
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PREFACEThe Tahoe Regional Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE...........
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3.5.5 Stormwater Treatment ........
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6.3 Projects 1 to 5 Acres and all C
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8.10.5 Maintenance ................
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Table 8-4: Federal, State and Regio
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated Swale .....
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INTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND USERS OF TH
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Lake Tahoe’s world renowned blue
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Urbanization in the Lake Tahoe wate
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50 percent of the light scattering
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Figure I-c: Impervious Cover versus
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Disconnected impervious areasdrain
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POLLUTANT EFFECT URBAN SOURCES ASSO
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESHistorical
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Table I-2: Differences in BMP Retro
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CHAPTER 1: URBAN HYDROLOGY1.1 PURPO
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Figure 1-a: Runoff ProcessesTRPA BM
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Although many urbanized areas face
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watersheds to make the necessary es
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Pollutant load estimates are typica
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differ from the following recommend
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Figure 1-b: Hydrologic Processes an
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1.3.3.2 NRCS BMP CALCULATION SPREAD
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1.3.3.3 RATIONAL METHODMODEL SUMMAR
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1.3.3.4 LOAD REDUCTION PLANNING TOO
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in HMS may be event-based or contin
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1.3.3.6 POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION MO
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AVAILABILITY AND SUPPORTING DOCUMEN
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TYPICAL LEVEL OF EFFORTHSPF and LSP
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few days to a week of time to revie
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USACE studies recommended use of th
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during the initial site visit, or c
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Figure 2-a: Soil Horizons• Depth
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Evidence of compacted and disturbed
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UNMAPPED ROCK OUTCROPS, STEEP SLOPE
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The primary pollutants of concern o
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On the map use an arrow to delineat
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2.2.3 ADDITIONAL DATA GATHERINGAfte
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and allowable uses. Baseline Land C
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topographic survey will be required
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Table 2-3: Basis of Capability Clas
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Keep your property lean, clean,and
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treatment. This will reduce the mai
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ponds, wetlands, lakes, manmade cha
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2.3.3.2 SOILS HYDROLOGIC REPORTThe
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CHAPTER 3: PERMANENT BMP PLANNINGAN
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STORMWATER TREATMENTRepresents BMPs
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Table 3-1: Waste Management and Mat
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D. STABILIZE STEEP DISTURBED SLOPES
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This infiltration trench collects s
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3.5 PROJECTS 1 TO 5 ACRES AND ALL C
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This Page Blank.TRPA BMP HandbookCH
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unnecessary turf areas and replace
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Table 3-5: Waste Management and Mat
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3.5.2.3 SOIL STABILIZATIONA. RESTOR
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Left: Dripline erosion below a deck
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Pervious concrete parking pad locat
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3.5.5 STORMWATER TREATMENT3.5.5.1 M
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3.6.1.1 JURISDICTIONThese projects
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to perform required inspection and
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3.8.2.4 SHARED ACCESS AND EASEMENTS
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3.8.2.8 STREAM ENVIRONMENT ZONES (S
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Sediment versus erosion:Suspended s
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT ....
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CHAPTER 4: BMP TOOLKIT4.1 HYDROLOGI
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4.1.1.1 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTAlternativ
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• Tree canopy overhead can decrea
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ate determined at the time of insta
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Figure 4.1-a: Pervious ConcreteTRPA
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4.1.1.2 INFILTRATION BASINAlternati
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groundwater, depths to restrictive
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Very few performance monitoring stu
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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4.1.1.3 INFILTRATION TRENCHAlternat
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• Consult the NRCS Tahoe Basin So
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• Alternative Method: Excavate th
Page 162 and 163: Figure 4.1-c: Infiltration TrenchTR
Page 164 and 165: Figure 4.1-e: Roof Dripline Planter
Page 166 and 167: 4.1.1.4 SUBSURFACE INFILTRATION SYS
Page 168: percent void space compared to 40 p
Page 171 and 172: • Ensure the surrounding surface
Page 174 and 175: 4.1.1.5 RAIN BARREL AND CISTERNAlte
Page 176 and 177: • Position the rain barrel or cis
Page 178 and 179: 4.1.1.6 RAIN GARDENAlternative Name
Page 180 and 181: • To manage high flows, design a
Page 182 and 183: 4.1.1.7 FILTER STRIPAlternative Nam
Page 184 and 185: • The top of the vegetated filter
Page 186 and 187: INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
Page 188 and 189: Figure 4.1-i: Vegetated Filter Stri
Page 190 and 191: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.2-a: Slope
Page 192 and 193: Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
Page 194 and 195: • Obtain and use a road abrasive
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Page 200 and 201: EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA signi
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Page 204 and 205: • For unpaved snow storage areas
Page 206 and 207: Figure 4.2-a: Slope Stabilization A
Page 208 and 209: Disadvantages• Not always success
Page 210 and 211: • Bind together long live branch
Page 216 and 217: Advantages• Reduces the erosion p
Page 218 and 219: Table 4.2-1: Terracing Inspection a
Page 222 and 223: Disadvantages• Can be complicated
Page 224 and 225: • Revegetate the backfilled bench
Page 226 and 227: Figure 4.2-d: Timber Retaining Wall
Page 230 and 231: Advantages• Versatile and applica
Page 232 and 233: Table 4.2-3: Riprap Inspection and
Page 236 and 237: educe the concentration of runoff,
Page 238 and 239: Figure 4.2-g: Slope Bottom BenchFig
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Page 244 and 245: APPLICABILITYAll roads, driveways,
Page 246 and 247: Stormwater runoff from a paved park
Page 248 and 249: Figure 4.2-k: Grading for Sheet Flo
Page 250 and 251: INORGANIC MULCH:• Areas where org
Page 252 and 253: • Stockpile and use existing orga
Page 256 and 257: The surface under the raised decksh
Page 258 and 259: Figure 4.2-l: Rock Armor - Elevated
Page 260 and 261: Clustered boulders used for parking
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Chapter 4: BMP ToolkitTRPA BMP Hand
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• Helps to protect wildlife.• H
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EFFECTIVENESS CONSIDERATIONSA prope
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Improper storage of hazardous mater
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• Try to use the entire product b
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facilities must be equipped with ap
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• Dispose of it properly• Be a
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Disadvantages• Additional resourc
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• All hay, cubed hay, straw, mulc
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• Sanitary sewer regulations gene
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APPLICABILITYAll vehicles, includin
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• Do not perform other vehicle or
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.3-a: Curb B
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APPLICABILITY• Culverts are appli
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deterioration. The inspection crew
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APPLICABILITY• Curb and gutters a
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Inst
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Figure 4.3-b: Rolled CurbChapter 4:
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Advantages• Prevents the discharg
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Table 4.3-2: Storm Drain Inspection
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Advantages• Prevents scour that m
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Figure 4.3-c: Outlet ProtectionChap
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• The structure can be designed t
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Disc
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Advantages• Assists in the contro
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Figure 4.3-e: Slotted Channel Drain
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Advantages• May be less expensive
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Table 4.3-5: A/C Swale Inspection a
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• Prevents property damage, slope
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Figure 4.3-g: Subsurface DrainChapt
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abrasives applied during the winter
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Table 4.3-7: Rock Lined and Vegetat
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Figure 4.3-i: Vegetated SwaleChapte
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Check dams installed in water sprea
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• Design check dams perpendicular
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CONTENTS4.4 Stormwater Treatment ..
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4.4 STORMWATER TREATMENTThe primary
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4.4.1.1 WET BASINAlternative Names:
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• Surcharge storage above the wet
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Table 4.4-1: Wet Basin Inspection a
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Figure 4.4-a: Wet Basin (Concept Dr
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4.4.1.2 BIOSWALEAlternative Names:
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• Consider incorporating trees or
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Figure 4.4-b: Bioswale (Linear Basi
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4.4.1.3 DRY BASINAlternative Names:
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• Drainage design standards for t
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITI
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Figure 4.4-c: Detention BasinTRPA B
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4.4.2 FLOW THROUGH TREATMENTFlow-th
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4.4.2.1 DROP INLET INSERTAlternativ
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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS• Refe
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4.4.2.2 TRASH RACKAlternate Names:
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4.4.2.3 BAFFLED VAULTAlternative Na
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• Ensure that site conditions all
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4.4.2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORAlter
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• Most units are designed to be c
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4.4.2.5 MEDIA FILTERAlternate Names
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Cartridge Filter• Cartridge filte
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• Vent the system as for undergro
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4.4.2.6 SEDIMENT TRAPAlternative Na
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Regul
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Figure 4.4-e: Sediment TrapTRPA BMP
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CONTENTS4.5 Temporary BMPs for Cons
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4.5 TEMPORARY BMPS FOR CONSTRUCTION
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concrete washouts and stockpiles sh
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4.5.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND S
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• Measures to minimize the potent
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4.5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY FENCI
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Figure 4.5-a: Construction Boundary
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4.5.1.3 DEWATERINGDESCRIPTIONDewate
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Figure 4.5-b: DewateringTRPA BMP Ha
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• Use this settled water to fill
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4.5.1.4 CLEAN WATER DIVERSIONAltern
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• Avoid disturbing aquatic specie
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• Pipe slope drain: A rigid pipe,
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Stream Isolation Techniques:• Tur
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Figure 4.5-f: Water DiversionTRPA B
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4.5.1.5 VEGETATION PROTECTIONAltern
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• Growing Space: Provide spacing
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Figure 4.5-g: Vegetation Protection
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4.5.1.6 TEMPORARY SANITATION FACILI
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4.5.1.7 DUST CONTROLAlternate Names
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• Blanket with geotextiles or veg
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4.5.1.8 VEHICLE INGRESS EGRESS MANA
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• If possible, re-use swept or va
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4.5.1.9 WINTERIZATIONDESCRIPTIONBet
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCEEnsure th
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4.5.1.10 CONSTRUCTION STAGINGAltern
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4.5.1.11 MATERIAL HANDLING STORAGE
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• Ensure that current Material Sa
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4.5.1.12 TOPSOIL SALVAGEAlternative
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• If topsoil will not be used for
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4.5.1.13 CONCRETE/BENTONITE MANAGEM
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Figure 4.5-i: Concrete Washout Stat
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4.5.1.14 STOCKPILE MANAGEMENTAltern
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Figure 4.5-j: Stockpile ManagementT
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4.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLR
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4.5.2.1 SWEEPINGDESCRIPTIONDuring c
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4.5.2.2 DRAIN INLET PROTECTIONAlter
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inches. Take care to ensure that no
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Figure 4.5-k: Drain Inlet Protectio
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4.5.2.3 FIBER ROLLAlternative Names
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• Adjust spacing of fiber rolls a
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Figure 4.5-l: Fiber RollsTRPA BMP H
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4.5.2.4 SILT FENCEAlternative Names
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• Turn the fabric uphill at the e
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Figure 4.5-m: Silt FenceTRPA BMP Ha
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4.5.2.5 EROSION CONTROL BLANKET SYS
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structures mark the boundaries of t
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Figure 4.5-p: Anchoring Geotextiles
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4.5.2.6 HYDROMULCH, TACKIFIER, AND
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INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE• Hydro
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5.2 SOILSoil is a complex living sy
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Tilling green wood chips intothe so
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areas such as SEZs and in shorezone
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Large boulders provide permanent ve
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To address this TRPA’s Regional P
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to apply ½ inch of water. Water yo
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Pesticides can be degraded by sunli
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5.3.2.5 FIRE DEFENSIBLE SPACEFire d
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etween them. For example, shrubs wi
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5.4 PROJECT SCALE REQUIREMENTSSoil
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5.4.1.5 PROJECT INSTALLATIONA. CONT
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percent vegetative cover, soil surf
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TRPA Revegetation Plan TemplateSoil
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(c) GRADING AND SLOPE SHAPINGDescri
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TRPA Revegetation Plan ExampleSoil
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• All machinery must be clean bef
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Common NameScientific NameScotchbro
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during dry weather. All debris, roo
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substantially different that the pe
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TRPA BMP HandbookCHAPTER 5: Soil an
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Fertilizer Management PlanProject N
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IV. MONITORINGSurface and groundwat
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I. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONGold
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Table 5-1: Description of Revegetat
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTS
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SITE TYPE RECOMMENDED SPECIES LISTW
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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TRPA APPROVED PLANT SPECIES ATTRIBU
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CHAPTER 5: Soil and Vegetation Mana
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• Section 6.2 describes methods f
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equirements. At a minimum, training
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Vactor equipment removes sediment a
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Industrial Properties, Marinas, and
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• Rinse the rock with hose water
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EXAMPLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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MONITORING PLAN TEMPLATE1. TITLE PA
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MONITORING, INSPECTION, ANDMAINTENA
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Sample Site123 Main StreetSouth Lak
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3. MONITORINGIn 2011, South Lake Ta
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ATTACHMENT BWATER QUALITY DATA
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ATTACHMENT DINSPECTION AND MAINTENC
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• Discharge of stormwater from in
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PAVING SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PR
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TRPA Shorezone permit (www.trpa.org
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CHAPTER 8: SHOREZONE PROTECTIVESTRU
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technical guidance on structural an
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Pope has developed a shorezone miti
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ADVANTAGES• Protect parcel develo
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Table 8-3: Categorical Classificati
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generate observable changes in the
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Table 8-5: The General Geomorphic C
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8.1.8.2 TOLERANCE DISTRICT AND BACK
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Figure 8-e: Option 2—Backshore De
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Scenic Resources and project compli
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8.2 BULKHEADS AND LAKE WALLS8.2.1 O
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oth the beach immediately fronting
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Like all BMPs, bulkheads and lake w
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For a bulkhead located such that th
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Figure 8-i: Typical Lake Wall (Grav
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Table 8-9: Advantages and Disadvant
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maintains its position under wave s
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8.3.4 INSTALLATIONAs with bulkheads
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Table 8-11: Advantages and Disadvan
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V t ≥ 5R c2(Equation 4.1)Where:Vt
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8.5 BEACH NOURISHMENT AND REPLENISH
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of not being able to protect the ba
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• The material must be washed to
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nourishment will be determined by m
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8.7 BREAKWATERS8.7.1 OVERVIEWBreakw
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The procedure for determining armor
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8.8 SHOREZONE VEGETATION8.8.1 OVERV
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vegetation. Protecting a tree from
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Overall, dredging can be either a p
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The Pneuma pump is a piece of dredg
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nature of the project and the poten
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8.10 TURBIDITY CURTAINS8.10.1 OVERV
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weights or connected firmly to sand
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Figure 8-o: Turbidity Curtain Desig
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Aquatic invasive species (AIS) also
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tanks into a sewage retention and/o
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• A common problem with recreatio
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8.12 BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTION AND VEH
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amp at the change of grade. A V-gro
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Figure 8-p: Boat Ramp DesignTRPA BM
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Table 8-22: Overview of Geotechnica
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8.14 SHOREZONE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE
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8.14.2 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FO
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some designated boundary or sphere
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spawning grounds and juvenile nurse
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Marine Science, School of Geoscienc
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Osborne, R.H., et. Al. (1985). Sedi
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8.16 APPENDICES8.16.1 DESIGN CALCUL
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Figure 8-r defines the primary wave
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8.16.1.2 WAVE RUN-UP FORMULA FOR BA
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• Use Equation 16.10 to calculate
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Figure 8-u: Design Wave CasesTRPA B
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Figure 8-v: Wave Setup and Run-Up f
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Alternative methods of wave calcula
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GLOSSARYAccretionMay be either a na
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eaches have no berm, others have se
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DensityMass (in kg) per unit of vol
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Fire Defensible SpaceRefers to the
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Common terms related to land covera
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PermeabilityThe property of a bulk
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ScourRemoval of underwater material
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SlopeThe degree of inclination to t
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Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)C
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ACRONYMSACES - Automated Coastal En
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NPS - Nonpoint SourceNRCS - Natural
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BEsT MANAGEMENT PRACTICEs HANDbooK - Tahoe BMP

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