IN THE BUBBLE JOHN THACKARA - witz cultural

240 Notes to Pages 52–54
year.’’ For more information, see ‘‘Casella Stanger Clients: BAA,’’ available at http://
www.stanger.co.uk/Clients/Detail.asp?id=121.
4. Estimates for the costs of the carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons,
water vapor, and other gunk spewed out by airplanes ranges from one to six
billion pounds a year. When five thousand participants from over two hundred
countries attended the World Summit of the Information Society in Geneva in
2003, their participation at that one event generated about ten thousand tons of the
carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global warming. CLiPP is a Swiss center
of competence in the area of climate protection and carbon dioxide compensation.
CLiPP’s climate ticket compensates for the carbon dioxide emission of travels by air.
For every hour in flight, says the organization, fifty liters of kerosene are used per
passenger and 125 kilograms of carbon dioxide are emitted. With the climate ticket,
entire companies, business travelers, or individuals can help ecologically to absorb
their travels by air. ‘‘Climate Ticket,’’ available on the CLiPP website at http://www
.clipp.org/en/angebot/klimaticket.php.
5. European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, ed., Forecast of Annual
Number of IFR Flights (2004–2010) (February 2004), available at http://www
.eurocontrol.int/statfor/forecasts/.
6. Ibid.
7. European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, ed., Challenges to Growth
(December 2004), available at http://www.eurocontrol.int.
8. NASA’s reasoning is that more than 98 percent of the American population lives
within a thirty-minute drive of one of the country’s five thousand public-use landing
facilities. With suitable safety investment, enhanced air traffic control systems, and
the development of small, light aircraft, far more people could fly direct point to
point than are able to do so today.
9. Christian Rozycki, Heinz Koeser, and Henning Schwarz, ‘‘Ecology Profile of
the German High-Speed Rail Passenger Transport System, ICE,’’ in Environmental
Guidelines for the Procurement of New Rolling Stock (Berlin: International Union of Railways
[IUC], July 2003), available at www.railway-procurement.org/docs/Prosper/
PROSPER_environmental_guideline_en.pdf (password protected).
10. A wide variety of transport and mobility statistics is published by the International
Airline Transport Association (IATA) in its World Air Transport Statistics, from
which this statistic is taken. Information about the publication is available on the
IATA website at http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9011.htm.
11. John Whitelegg, ‘‘Time Pollution,’’ Ecologist 23, no. 4 ( July/August 1993), available
at http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/TimePollution.pdf. A list of books by Whitelegg
is available at http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/books.html. Whitelegg is also involved