IN THE BUBBLE JOHN THACKARA - witz cultural

268 Notes to Pages 175–178
45. David Toop, ‘‘Life in Transit,’’ in Sonic Process, ed. Christine van Assche (Barce-
lona: Actar, 2002).
46. R. M. Schafer, The Tuning of the World (New York: Knopf, 1977), republished as
The Soundscape (Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 1994).
47. Benjamin U. Rubin, ‘‘Audible Information Design in the New York City Subway
System: A Case Study’’ (paper presented at the International Conference on Acoustic
Display, Glasgow, Scotland, 1998, available at http://www.earstudio.com/projects/
P_subpage/subway.pdf). A case study (with audio files) is also available at http://
www.earstudio.com/projects/P_subpage/subway_middle.html.
48. Elliman, a graphic designer, works with typefaces, test patterns, and the human
voice. The quotations here are from his lecture at the conference ‘‘Design Recast’’ at
the Jan van Eyck Academy, Maastricht, in June 2002. A version of the talk was later
published in Wired: Paul Elliman, ‘‘Now Hear This. Voice Space: When Space Starts
Speaking, We Listen,’’ Wired 11, no. 6 ( June 2003), available at http://www.wired
.com/wired/archive/11.06/voice_spc.html.
49. Ibid.
50. Michel Chion, Audio-Vision (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994). See
also Kendall Wrightson, ‘‘An Introduction to Acoustic Ecology,’’ Soundscape: The Journal
of Acoustic Ecology 1, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 10–13, available at http://homepage.
mac.com/kendallwrightson/ae/aecology.html; and the website of the World Forum
for Acoustic Ecology (http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/WFAE/home/index
.html). For an excellent collection of resources on the artful uses of sound in environments,
see Janek’s Sound/Art/Installation & Music Resource (http://www.audioh
.com/information/soundartresource.html). Also useful are the proceedings of the
Symposium on Sound Design, available at http://www.design-sonore.org/. For design
experiments in the use of sound in urban contexts, see also the website of the consulting
firm Genesis Psychoacoustics, available at http://www.genesis.fr/english/
act3.htm, and the work of Yon Visell and Karmen Franinovic, available at http://
www.zero-th.org.
51. Ken Goldberg, ed., The Robot in the Garden: Telerobotics and Telepresence in the Age
of the Internet (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000).
52. Robert Levine, A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist
(New York: Basic Books, 1997).
53. Kate Fox, ‘‘Culture,’’ in The Smell Report (Oxford, England: Social Issues Research
Center), available at http://www.sirc.org/publik/smell_culture.html.
54. Kate Fox, ‘‘The Human Sense of Smell,’’ in The Smell Report (Oxford, England:
Social Issues Research Center), available at http://www.sirc.org/publik/smell_human
.html.