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Table 7 Demographic profile for Kaplamai sub-divisions in Trans Nzoia District (Figures adopted from the 1999 Population and housing census of Kenya) Trans Nzoia Hale Female Total Den-sity District 286836 288826 575662 231 Kaplamai sub- divisions: Kimoson 9457 10051 19508 330 Matosiet 7869 8231 16100 288 Sitatunga 8930 8990 17920 286 Sinyerere 10528 10735 i I I 21263 299 Makutano 7692 7375 i 15067 184 Biribidet 1850 1809 3659 173 Kapsara 3367 3255 6622 178 Kapolet 2475 2311 4786 205 156
6.7 Population Fraenkel and Wallen (ZOOO: 104) assert that before one selects a sample, one has to define the population of interest. This interest, they argue, could be in the form of what group the researcher is interested in or to whom the results apply. A population is any finite or infinite collection of individual objects with which a researcher would like to generalize the results of a study. It therefore consists of a number of units of enquiry. Bless and Smith (ZOOO) further illustrate that a sampling theory is a technical accounting device used to rationalize the collection of information, and to choose in an appropriate way a restricted set of objects, persons, and events from which actual information will be drawn. Nachmias and Nachmias (1996) define population simply as consisting of all households in a given community or all registered voters, for instance, in a particular district. A population may be composed of all the residents in a specific neighborhood, houses etc. This study focused on all women aged between 16-60 studying, working and living in the provinces of Rift Valley (Kenya) and Kwa-Zulu Natal (South Africa). Careful attention was, however, given to women who reside in the rural areas of both these provinces, and to their ethnic affiliations. The word "rural" is intended to mean places with rural characteristics, such as: low levels of service (e.g. transport, water and medical services), non-urban settlements (such as riparian Villages) and high incidences of poverty (Ikoja Odongo ZOOZb: 19Z). In order to increase confidence in the sample represented, a census list detailing the population figures of women in each category was acquired from the respective government offices in both countries. 6.8 Sampling According to Baker (1999), sampling refers to specific ways of selecting subjects, or simply to "who will be studied". The author states that major 157
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THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people hav
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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Table of contents Declaration ii De
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2.3.6.3.1 2.3.6.3.2 2.3.6.3.3 2.3.6
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3.4.6 The interests, activities and
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4.5.3.4 4.5.3.5 The application of
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6.12.3 6.12.4 6.12.4.1 6.12.4.2 6.1
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8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8
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10.2.1 10.2.2. 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.2.5
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Table 10 Age of respondents [n=200]
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ACWICT AED AfriAfya ALC ALlN-EA ANI
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NCSW 001 National Commission on the
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGR
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distance learning, management infor
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channels of communication. This vie
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development. The author further not
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education for boys, especially in s
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ural women of not only Kenyan and S
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1.4 Motivation of the study This st
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fulfilled within a specified time f
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1.9 Significance of the study The i
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1.9.3 Policy and decision making Al
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selection, four wards were randomly
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2. Kwake, A. Ocholla, D, Adigun, M.
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Chapter Nine: Discussion of the fin
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security, and cost effectiveness. I
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issues pertaining to inheritance do
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The MolC (2006: 3) illustrates furt
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Following the licensing of ISPs by
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and IT); Vivendi Telecom Internatio
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competition with Kenya Ltd's KENSAT
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ecame the first commercial ISP in t
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2.2.6.1.8. Wananchi Online Limited
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from North America and Western Euro
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un by ITDG for poor women in Kenya,
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commodities on a daily basis. Accor
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of all African countries through re
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2.3.3 Universal Access Policy/Unive
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Table 1. Summary of South African n
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White Paper on Broadcasting Policy
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2.3.5.2 Cellular Mobile Telephony T
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service, transmitted by the Cape Pe
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are delivered through analogue terr
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15360 simultaneous transmissions in
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women who do not have access to tec
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(b) The SABC has three free-to-air
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CHAPTER THREE CONCEPTIONS OF INFORM
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In his theory on information, Weism
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emarks, "If I sell you my horse, I
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women in South Africa to acquire so
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commonly used ICT amongst rural wom
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3.4.7 Taylor's Model (user-values t
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search for information, the study p
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(vi) Presentation - the search is c
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have or might use systems, one know
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interpretation of quantitative and
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3.8 Summary Information needs, info
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(ii) Due to the dynamic aspects of
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The "how-to" in the implementation
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interactive problems. This is as op
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lack box, which transforms inputs i
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that Info-mobilisation involves ada
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especially at rural level, can act
Page 133 and 134: 4.5.1.5 Achieving the sustainabilit
Page 135 and 136: Such groups usually require special
Page 137 and 138: 4.5.2.3 Empowering communities with
Page 139 and 140: instance, there were only 10 teleph
Page 141 and 142: 4.5.3.5 Embed community based JeT s
Page 144 and 145: The DFID/FAO/Oor (2002:6) stipulate
Page 146 and 147: who lack technical knowledge. Due t
Page 148 and 149: 5.1 Introduction CHAPTER FIVE GENDE
Page 150 and 151: are properly deployed, they have en
Page 152 and 153: levels of society. As maintained by
Page 154 and 155: Similarly, Odame (2005: 15) points
Page 156 and 157: usiness opportunities. Furthermore,
Page 158 and 159: prioritize actions needed to help w
Page 160 and 161: provided through leadership opportu
Page 162: 5.9 Participatory Design Participat
Page 165 and 166: Similarly, women in developing coun
Page 167 and 168: ules and procedures are constantly
Page 169 and 170: to be asked in an interview, the le
Page 171 and 172: how this has affected their use of
Page 174 and 175: 6.4.1 Findings and lessons learnt f
Page 176 and 177: of Kwa-zulu Natal (KZN), South Afri
Page 178 and 179: Map 1. Map of Uthungulu District an
Page 181 and 182: According to the Uthungulu Distict
Page 183: 6.6.2.1 The districts of Rift Valle
Page 187 and 188: 2002:1). In order for the sample si
Page 189 and 190: gUidelines. According to Gay: (i) t
Page 191 and 192: already known. Neumann (1997) asser
Page 193 and 194: possibilities of applying these int
Page 195 and 196: (Il) National Community Radio Forum
Page 197 and 198: 6.12.6 Data analvsis and presentati
Page 199 and 200: 7.1 Introduction CHAPTER SEVEN DATA
Page 201 and 202: 7.2.2 Age group Data obtained from
Page 203 and 204: 30 (15%) respondents had no schooli
Page 205 and 206: • The P-Value of housewives is le
Page 207 and 208: information, such as printed materi
Page 209 and 210: 1V is used by 81 (41%) respondents.
Page 211 and 212: In KZN (SA), respondents required i
Page 213 and 214: In Kenya, the need to acquire socia
Page 215: 7.4 Alternative sources of informat
Page 218 and 219: • P-Value of schools is greater t
Page 220 and 221: Table 16 Comments on use and availa
Page 222 and 223: Table 17. How leTs have enhanced th
Page 224 and 225: • P-Value of internet-related ser
Page 226 and 227: • P-Value of un-affordability is
Page 229 and 230: In terms of education, the study in
Page 231 and 232: 8.1 Introduction CHAPTER EIGHT DATA
Page 233 and 234: c) What are the key areas of activi
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digital audio and multi-media techn
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8.3.3 Data collection techniques Da
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the daily activities of their organ
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In line with the types of ICTs used
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8.4.5 Specific changes noted amongs
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working in partnership with Technol
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information on diseases in their di
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According to the AfriAfya responden
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• "Continual support, such as tro
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The NCRF respondent noted the need
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training is geared towards economic
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education (i.e. primary, secondary
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average, the use of the mobile phon
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services, such as voice-over intern
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collaboration with other partner or
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expanding telecommunications networ
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as land and employment. Of interest
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A closer look at the success behind
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CHAPTER TEN SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
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The South Africa yearbook (2005/06:
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those involving training; (ii) the
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It has also been observed that the
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important activity, particularly in
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development, particularly amongst m
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10.3 Recommendations In order for w
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) Support the implementation of ICT
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f) Promote the participation of fem
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10.5 Conclusions The study has deta
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REFERENCES Academy for Educational
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Ayieko, F. (2001). Worldspace radio
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Cellular Online. (2004). Overview o
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Department of Commerce - United Sta
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EUfORIC (2006). Kenya@onesite Europ
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Heidi, J. (1995). Trends in the rec
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International Telecommunications Un
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Kencell. (2004). About us/Company P
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Maguire, M. and Bevan, N. (2002). U
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Obuya, C. (2003). Horn of Africa Re
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Safaricom (2004). About us/Company
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United Nations Development Program,
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Wanainchi Online Itd. (2002). About
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APPENDIX A INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ON TH
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PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTION ONE Pl
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SECTION TWO INFORMATIONS NEEDS AND
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Q2.3 Q2.4 Could you tell me where y
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Q3,4 Q 3.5 Could you tell me where
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SECTION 4 ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF
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Appendix B (i) INTERVIEW SCHEDULE F
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Appendix B (H) Full List of researc
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APPENDIX C Kenya@OneSiteEurope Name
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Catholic Relief Services (Sudan Off
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Intermediate Technologv Development
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Missionary Sisters ofOur Ladv ofAfr
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Volunteer Services Overseas VSO Ken
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Ministrv ofTrade and Industrv Kenya
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Legacv Books Longman Kenya Society
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l!wajir '1 i!Malindi ,j iGarissa al
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APPENDIX F LIST OF LOCAL LOOP OPERA
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Appendix G NGO FRAMELIST FOR SOUTH
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Beth Uriel Homewww.bethuriel.co.za
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COPE Housing Associationwww.cope.or
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Kenosis Communitywww.kenosiscommuni
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Nelson Mandela Foundationwww.nelson
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South African Centre for Missing an
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Vusabantu AIDS Projectwww.vusabantu
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Appendix H Internet backbone and in
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Appendix I List of South African IS
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Appendix K Draft leT Advert for Ken
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