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• P-Value of schools is greater than 0.05 ( no significant difference) The above information illustrates that there is a higher use of alternative sources of information, such as newspapers, magazines, friends and neighbours, in rural KZN (SA) than in RVP (Kenya). However, community leaders, area leaders and trade fairs/exhibitions play a more significant role in RVP (Kenya) than in KZN (SA). 7.5 Comments on the use and availability of leTs in rural KZN (South Africa) and rural RVP (Kenya) In table 15, respondents were asked to give their personal responses to an open-ended question regarding the use and availability of ICTs in their community. The aim of this question was to capture varying opinions and attitudes related to ICT use and accessibility in their community. Data was then analyzed using content analysis. The survey revealed that a significant number (57; 28.5%) of the respondents in KZN (SA) felt that ICTs were not only unavailable and inaccessible to them, but also difficult to use. Similarly, 25 (12.5%) respondents felt that ICTs are costly and unaffordable. Coincidentally, the number of those who found ICTs to be handy (20; 10%) and those who felt that ICT centres should be established near rural women (20; 10%) were similar. 9 (9.5.0%) respondents were of the opinion that ICTs were easily available and accessible, while 18 (9.0%) felt that leTs are affordable. A few respondents attuned to problems with infrastructure, such as lack of power (13; 6.5%) and poor TV and radio networks (10; 5.0%). 190
Table lS Comments on the use and availability of ICTs in the community. N=200 (South Africa) Comments Unavailable, difficult to use leTs are costly & unaffordab!e ICTs are handy Establish leT centres near rural women Easily available and accessible ICTs are affordable Lack of power Great improvement in ICTS Poor TV& Radio networks There's no trust in ICTs Total Frequency 57 25 20 20 19 18 13 10 10 8 200 Percent In table 16, results from Kenya indicate that a large number of the respondents (63; 31.5%) believed that ICTs were unaffordable, followed by 28.5 12.5 10.0 10.0 95 90 65 50 5.0 40 48 (24%) stating them as unavailable, and 28 (14%) as inaccessible. Therefore on average, the survey portrayed that 139 (69.5%) respondents felt that ICTs were either too far, too costly or entirely unavailable. Only 16 (8%) respondents acknowledged the usefulness and availability of JeTS, citing that they were "handy" (2; 1%) or "improved access to information" (14; 7%). 191 100
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THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people hav
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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Table of contents Declaration ii De
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2.3.6.3.1 2.3.6.3.2 2.3.6.3.3 2.3.6
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3.4.6 The interests, activities and
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4.5.3.4 4.5.3.5 The application of
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6.12.3 6.12.4 6.12.4.1 6.12.4.2 6.1
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8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8
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10.2.1 10.2.2. 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.2.5
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Table 10 Age of respondents [n=200]
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ACWICT AED AfriAfya ALC ALlN-EA ANI
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NCSW 001 National Commission on the
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGR
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distance learning, management infor
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channels of communication. This vie
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development. The author further not
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education for boys, especially in s
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ural women of not only Kenyan and S
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1.4 Motivation of the study This st
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fulfilled within a specified time f
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1.9 Significance of the study The i
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1.9.3 Policy and decision making Al
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selection, four wards were randomly
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2. Kwake, A. Ocholla, D, Adigun, M.
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Chapter Nine: Discussion of the fin
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security, and cost effectiveness. I
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issues pertaining to inheritance do
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The MolC (2006: 3) illustrates furt
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Following the licensing of ISPs by
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and IT); Vivendi Telecom Internatio
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competition with Kenya Ltd's KENSAT
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ecame the first commercial ISP in t
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2.2.6.1.8. Wananchi Online Limited
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from North America and Western Euro
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un by ITDG for poor women in Kenya,
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commodities on a daily basis. Accor
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of all African countries through re
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2.3.3 Universal Access Policy/Unive
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Table 1. Summary of South African n
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White Paper on Broadcasting Policy
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2.3.5.2 Cellular Mobile Telephony T
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service, transmitted by the Cape Pe
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are delivered through analogue terr
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15360 simultaneous transmissions in
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women who do not have access to tec
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(b) The SABC has three free-to-air
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CHAPTER THREE CONCEPTIONS OF INFORM
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In his theory on information, Weism
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emarks, "If I sell you my horse, I
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women in South Africa to acquire so
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commonly used ICT amongst rural wom
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3.4.7 Taylor's Model (user-values t
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search for information, the study p
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(vi) Presentation - the search is c
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have or might use systems, one know
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interpretation of quantitative and
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3.8 Summary Information needs, info
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(ii) Due to the dynamic aspects of
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The "how-to" in the implementation
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interactive problems. This is as op
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lack box, which transforms inputs i
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that Info-mobilisation involves ada
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especially at rural level, can act
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4.5.1.5 Achieving the sustainabilit
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Such groups usually require special
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4.5.2.3 Empowering communities with
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instance, there were only 10 teleph
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4.5.3.5 Embed community based JeT s
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The DFID/FAO/Oor (2002:6) stipulate
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who lack technical knowledge. Due t
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5.1 Introduction CHAPTER FIVE GENDE
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are properly deployed, they have en
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levels of society. As maintained by
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Similarly, Odame (2005: 15) points
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usiness opportunities. Furthermore,
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prioritize actions needed to help w
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provided through leadership opportu
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5.9 Participatory Design Participat
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Similarly, women in developing coun
Page 167 and 168: ules and procedures are constantly
Page 169 and 170: to be asked in an interview, the le
Page 171 and 172: how this has affected their use of
Page 174 and 175: 6.4.1 Findings and lessons learnt f
Page 176 and 177: of Kwa-zulu Natal (KZN), South Afri
Page 178 and 179: Map 1. Map of Uthungulu District an
Page 181 and 182: According to the Uthungulu Distict
Page 183 and 184: 6.6.2.1 The districts of Rift Valle
Page 185 and 186: 6.7 Population Fraenkel and Wallen
Page 187 and 188: 2002:1). In order for the sample si
Page 189 and 190: gUidelines. According to Gay: (i) t
Page 191 and 192: already known. Neumann (1997) asser
Page 193 and 194: possibilities of applying these int
Page 195 and 196: (Il) National Community Radio Forum
Page 197 and 198: 6.12.6 Data analvsis and presentati
Page 199 and 200: 7.1 Introduction CHAPTER SEVEN DATA
Page 201 and 202: 7.2.2 Age group Data obtained from
Page 203 and 204: 30 (15%) respondents had no schooli
Page 205 and 206: • The P-Value of housewives is le
Page 207 and 208: information, such as printed materi
Page 209 and 210: 1V is used by 81 (41%) respondents.
Page 211 and 212: In KZN (SA), respondents required i
Page 213 and 214: In Kenya, the need to acquire socia
Page 215: 7.4 Alternative sources of informat
Page 220 and 221: Table 16 Comments on use and availa
Page 222 and 223: Table 17. How leTs have enhanced th
Page 224 and 225: • P-Value of internet-related ser
Page 226 and 227: • P-Value of un-affordability is
Page 229 and 230: In terms of education, the study in
Page 231 and 232: 8.1 Introduction CHAPTER EIGHT DATA
Page 233 and 234: c) What are the key areas of activi
Page 235 and 236: digital audio and multi-media techn
Page 237 and 238: 8.3.3 Data collection techniques Da
Page 239 and 240: the daily activities of their organ
Page 241 and 242: In line with the types of ICTs used
Page 243 and 244: 8.4.5 Specific changes noted amongs
Page 245 and 246: working in partnership with Technol
Page 247 and 248: information on diseases in their di
Page 249 and 250: According to the AfriAfya responden
Page 251 and 252: • "Continual support, such as tro
Page 253 and 254: The NCRF respondent noted the need
Page 255 and 256: training is geared towards economic
Page 257 and 258: education (i.e. primary, secondary
Page 259 and 260: average, the use of the mobile phon
Page 262 and 263: services, such as voice-over intern
Page 264 and 265: collaboration with other partner or
Page 266 and 267: expanding telecommunications networ
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as land and employment. Of interest
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A closer look at the success behind
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CHAPTER TEN SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
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The South Africa yearbook (2005/06:
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those involving training; (ii) the
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It has also been observed that the
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important activity, particularly in
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development, particularly amongst m
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10.3 Recommendations In order for w
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) Support the implementation of ICT
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f) Promote the participation of fem
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10.5 Conclusions The study has deta
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REFERENCES Academy for Educational
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Ayieko, F. (2001). Worldspace radio
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Cellular Online. (2004). Overview o
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Department of Commerce - United Sta
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EUfORIC (2006). Kenya@onesite Europ
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Heidi, J. (1995). Trends in the rec
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International Telecommunications Un
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Kencell. (2004). About us/Company P
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Maguire, M. and Bevan, N. (2002). U
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Obuya, C. (2003). Horn of Africa Re
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Safaricom (2004). About us/Company
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United Nations Development Program,
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Wanainchi Online Itd. (2002). About
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APPENDIX A INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ON TH
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PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTION ONE Pl
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SECTION TWO INFORMATIONS NEEDS AND
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Q2.3 Q2.4 Could you tell me where y
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Q3,4 Q 3.5 Could you tell me where
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SECTION 4 ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF
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Appendix B (i) INTERVIEW SCHEDULE F
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Appendix B (H) Full List of researc
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APPENDIX C Kenya@OneSiteEurope Name
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Catholic Relief Services (Sudan Off
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Intermediate Technologv Development
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Missionary Sisters ofOur Ladv ofAfr
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Volunteer Services Overseas VSO Ken
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Ministrv ofTrade and Industrv Kenya
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Legacv Books Longman Kenya Society
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l!wajir '1 i!Malindi ,j iGarissa al
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APPENDIX F LIST OF LOCAL LOOP OPERA
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Appendix G NGO FRAMELIST FOR SOUTH
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Beth Uriel Homewww.bethuriel.co.za
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COPE Housing Associationwww.cope.or
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Kenosis Communitywww.kenosiscommuni
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Nelson Mandela Foundationwww.nelson
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South African Centre for Missing an
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Vusabantu AIDS Projectwww.vusabantu
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Appendix H Internet backbone and in
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Appendix I List of South African IS
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Appendix K Draft leT Advert for Ken
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