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Similarly, friends (54.2%), neighbours (48.4%) and family (46.2%) are highly favoured as alternative sources of information amongst the respondents from KZN (SA). other sources include books (29.7%), community leaders (21.1%), educators (16.3%), social/extension workers (10.8%) and nurses/midwives (11.5%). Information centres (5.5%), magazines (3.3%) and newspapers (3.3%) are not popular sources of information amongst the rural women in South Africa. The P-Value for alternative sources of information for educational, business/ trade, health, agricultural and social welfare information amongst women in Kenya and in South Africa indicates that the: • P-Value of newspapers is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of magazines is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of family is greater than 0.05 (no significant difference) • P-Value of friends is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of neighbours is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of books is greater than 0.05 ( no significant difference) • P-Value of information centres is greater than 0.05 (no significant difference) • P-Value of community leaders is less than 0.05 (significant difference) • P-Value of area leaders is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of traditional healers is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of social/extension workers is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of educators is greater than 0.05 (no significant difference) • P-Value of neighbours is less than 0.05 ( significant difference) • P-Value of exhibitions/trade fairs is less than 0.05 (significant difference) • P-Value of nurses/midwives is greater than 0.05 (no significant difference) 189
Page 1:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people hav
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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Table of contents Declaration ii De
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2.3.6.3.1 2.3.6.3.2 2.3.6.3.3 2.3.6
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3.4.6 The interests, activities and
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4.5.3.4 4.5.3.5 The application of
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6.12.3 6.12.4 6.12.4.1 6.12.4.2 6.1
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8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8
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10.2.1 10.2.2. 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.2.5
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Table 10 Age of respondents [n=200]
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ACWICT AED AfriAfya ALC ALlN-EA ANI
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NCSW 001 National Commission on the
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGR
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distance learning, management infor
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channels of communication. This vie
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development. The author further not
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education for boys, especially in s
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ural women of not only Kenyan and S
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1.4 Motivation of the study This st
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fulfilled within a specified time f
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1.9 Significance of the study The i
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1.9.3 Policy and decision making Al
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selection, four wards were randomly
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2. Kwake, A. Ocholla, D, Adigun, M.
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Chapter Nine: Discussion of the fin
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security, and cost effectiveness. I
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issues pertaining to inheritance do
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The MolC (2006: 3) illustrates furt
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Following the licensing of ISPs by
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and IT); Vivendi Telecom Internatio
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competition with Kenya Ltd's KENSAT
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ecame the first commercial ISP in t
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2.2.6.1.8. Wananchi Online Limited
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from North America and Western Euro
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un by ITDG for poor women in Kenya,
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commodities on a daily basis. Accor
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of all African countries through re
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2.3.3 Universal Access Policy/Unive
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Table 1. Summary of South African n
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White Paper on Broadcasting Policy
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2.3.5.2 Cellular Mobile Telephony T
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service, transmitted by the Cape Pe
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are delivered through analogue terr
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15360 simultaneous transmissions in
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women who do not have access to tec
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(b) The SABC has three free-to-air
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CHAPTER THREE CONCEPTIONS OF INFORM
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In his theory on information, Weism
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emarks, "If I sell you my horse, I
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women in South Africa to acquire so
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commonly used ICT amongst rural wom
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3.4.7 Taylor's Model (user-values t
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search for information, the study p
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(vi) Presentation - the search is c
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have or might use systems, one know
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interpretation of quantitative and
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3.8 Summary Information needs, info
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(ii) Due to the dynamic aspects of
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The "how-to" in the implementation
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interactive problems. This is as op
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lack box, which transforms inputs i
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that Info-mobilisation involves ada
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especially at rural level, can act
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4.5.1.5 Achieving the sustainabilit
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Such groups usually require special
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4.5.2.3 Empowering communities with
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instance, there were only 10 teleph
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4.5.3.5 Embed community based JeT s
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The DFID/FAO/Oor (2002:6) stipulate
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who lack technical knowledge. Due t
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5.1 Introduction CHAPTER FIVE GENDE
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are properly deployed, they have en
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levels of society. As maintained by
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Similarly, Odame (2005: 15) points
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usiness opportunities. Furthermore,
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prioritize actions needed to help w
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provided through leadership opportu
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5.9 Participatory Design Participat
Page 165 and 166: Similarly, women in developing coun
Page 167 and 168: ules and procedures are constantly
Page 169 and 170: to be asked in an interview, the le
Page 171 and 172: how this has affected their use of
Page 174 and 175: 6.4.1 Findings and lessons learnt f
Page 176 and 177: of Kwa-zulu Natal (KZN), South Afri
Page 178 and 179: Map 1. Map of Uthungulu District an
Page 181 and 182: According to the Uthungulu Distict
Page 183 and 184: 6.6.2.1 The districts of Rift Valle
Page 185 and 186: 6.7 Population Fraenkel and Wallen
Page 187 and 188: 2002:1). In order for the sample si
Page 189 and 190: gUidelines. According to Gay: (i) t
Page 191 and 192: already known. Neumann (1997) asser
Page 193 and 194: possibilities of applying these int
Page 195 and 196: (Il) National Community Radio Forum
Page 197 and 198: 6.12.6 Data analvsis and presentati
Page 199 and 200: 7.1 Introduction CHAPTER SEVEN DATA
Page 201 and 202: 7.2.2 Age group Data obtained from
Page 203 and 204: 30 (15%) respondents had no schooli
Page 205 and 206: • The P-Value of housewives is le
Page 207 and 208: information, such as printed materi
Page 209 and 210: 1V is used by 81 (41%) respondents.
Page 211 and 212: In KZN (SA), respondents required i
Page 213 and 214: In Kenya, the need to acquire socia
Page 215: 7.4 Alternative sources of informat
Page 219 and 220: Table lS Comments on the use and av
Page 221 and 222: 7.6. How ICTs have enhanced the rur
Page 223 and 224: EVidently, ICTs enable most women t
Page 225 and 226: Table 18 Hindrances on the use and
Page 227: essential. Similarly, while 26.5% h
Page 230 and 231: unaffordable. Coincidentally, the n
Page 232 and 233: (i) Research Question: What impact
Page 234 and 235: is repackaged in the local language
Page 236 and 237: 8.3 Research Methodology 8.3.1 Samp
Page 238 and 239: their organisation's goal\mission w
Page 240 and 241: o "Creating structures and systems
Page 242 and 243: adio, data adaptor cards and comput
Page 244 and 245: According to the AfriAfya responden
Page 246 and 247: dispensary that is highly occasione
Page 248 and 249: 8.4.7 life How lCTs enhance rural w
Page 250 and 251: ural women. Apart from determining
Page 252 and 253: To this end, the AfriAfya responden
Page 254 and 255: Additionally, aside from the fact t
Page 256 and 257: 9.1 Introduction CHAPTER NINE DISCU
Page 258 and 259: Ranchod, this has enabled women to
Page 260: costly or entirely unavailable. EVi
Page 263 and 264: can be used to disseminate informat
Page 265 and 266: een noted that problems of access a
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with capacities to train communitie
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9) Identifying women with an intere
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Problems of access and exclusion ar
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10.2.1 To explore, analyze and comp
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In Kenya, Mudhai (2004) observes th
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equirements. The cell-phone has a c
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OISAT concept (from-web-to-field-to
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In order for the training to be eff
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• Organizations must be able to e
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supply telecomm services to rural a
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(I) Health information and advocacy
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10.3.8 Information needs of rural w
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assessment and the use of local lan
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Africanwireless.com. History of Vod
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Bridges.org (2001). Spanning the Di
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computer Society of Kenya, (2003).
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Elfis, D. et al. (1993). Informatio
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Gender Initiative Institute [GIl].
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Huyer, S. and Sikoska, T. (2003). O
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Jiyane, V. and Ocholla, D. N. (2004
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Mail&Guardian. (2007). Say hello to
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Mitchell, V. and Nault, B. (2003).
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Regional Community Forestry Trainin
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Square Kilometre Array. (2003). Eco
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Universiteit Twente ( 2004). System
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World Organisation Against Torture
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Dear Respondent, Appendix A Intervi
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4. What racial group do you belong
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2. EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION NEEDS, P
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3. SOCIAL WELFARE INFORMATION NEEDS
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4. AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS,
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5. BUSINESS AND TRADE INFORMATION N
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SECTION 3 HINDERANCES TO ICT TOOLS
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SECTION 5 TRAINING NEEDS This secti
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1 What is the goal/mission of your
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marginalized areas and populations
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African Women's Development and Com
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Food and Trade Network for East Afr
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Kenva Energy and Environment Organi
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Rockefeller Foundation Kenya Rural
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Hon. Consul ofthe New Zealand Gover
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New Partnership for Africa's Develo
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Toyota East Africa Ltd Trackspa Lim
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APPENDIX E RESEARCH PERMIT AND REQU
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LOCAL LOOP OPERATORS Sourced from t
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South African NGOs on the Web As PR
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Centre for Rural Legal Studies (CRL
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Hospice Pretoriawww.h05pice.org.za
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10veLifewww.lovelife.org.za Mass Me
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Rural Economic Development Initiati
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Southem African Grantmakers Associa
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Zanempilowww.zanempilo.org.za Zanok
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Internet backbone and international
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Appendix J Workplan 355
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