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NOTES
Greco-Roman literature. It seems as if Tillorobos’ activities made him generally
well-known, at least in Asia Minor, and gained him the attention of contemporary
observers. The absence of other references to him in the sources may be due to the
fragmentary nature of what we know about the high imperial period. If that portion
of Cassius Dio’s ‘History’ concerning the second century had survived in a more
complete state, we might well have had in it some reference to Tillorobos. As far as
his name is concerned, some mss. have the variant ‘Tilloboros’, which is also found
in MAMA IV 190. Tacitus, Ann. 12.55 has a Troxoboris (or Troxobores) in Rough
Cilicia in 52 bc. There is nothing to support Stein’s suggestion (RE VI A, 1041)
that both are the same person. An L. Claudius Tillorobus occurs in CIL VI 15295 as
the dedicant of a gravestone to his freedman, Diadumenus.
18 Aug., Civ. 4.4.: Quia et latrocinia quid sunt nisi parva regna? Manus et ipsa hominum est,
imperio principis regitur, pacto societatis astringitur, placiti lege praeda dividitur. (Trans.
Green, Loeb)
19 Cic., Off. 2.40: . . . ut ne illi quidem, qui maleficio et scelere pascuntur, possint sine ulla
particula iustitiae vivere. ( . . . ) Quin etiam leges latronum esse dicuntur, quibus pareant,
quas observent; cf. Parad. 27.
20 Dio 36.22.4.
21 See R. Ziegler, ‘Die Historia Apollonii Regis Tyri und der Kaiserkult in Tarsos’,
Chiron 14, 1984, 219–34.
22 On the genre cf. E. Rohde, Der griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer, Leipzig 1914 3
(repr. Hildesheim 1960). G. Anderson, Ancient Fiction: The Novel in the Graeco-Roman
World, London 1984. B.P. Reardon, The Second Sophistic and the novel, in: G.W.
Bowersock, ed., Approaches to the Second Sophistic, Pennsylvania 1974, 23–9. T. Hägg,
Eros und Tyche. Der Roman in der antiken Welt, Mainz 1987. H. Kuch, Der antike
Roman. Untersuchungen zur literarischen Kommunikation und Gattungsgeschichte, Berlin
1988. J.R. Morgan, R. Stoneman, ed., The Greek Novel in Context, London 1994.
G. Schmeling, ed., The Novel in the Ancient World, Leiden 1996.
23 Heliod. 1.19.2.
24 Ibid. 5.20.7.
25 Cf. Rohde, Roman (n. 22), 116ff.
26 F. Millar, ‘The world of the Golden Ass’, JRS 71, 1971, 63–75. A.M. Scarcella, ‘Les
structures socio-économiques du roman de Xénophon d’Éphèse’, REG 90, 1977,
249–62. J.R. Morgan, ‘History, romance and realism in the Aithiopika of Heliodorus’,
ClAnt 1, 1982, 221–65.
27 It is for this reason that fictional bandits have received no special attention but
rather, in a variety of contexts, are considered in company with their respective
historical counterparts.
28 Eus., Hist.Eccl. 5.18.6; 9.
29 Basic here is E. Burck, ‘Grundzüge römischer Geschichtsauffassung und
Geschichtsschreibung’, GWU 25, 1974, 1–40.
30 Dio 76.10.5. (Trans. Cary, Loeb) Cf. below, p. 116.
31 G. Humbert, s.v. Latrocinium, DS III, 1902, 991f. R. Kleinfeller, s.v. grassatores,
RE VII, 1912, 1829f. G. Pfaff, s.v. latrocinium, RE XII, 1925, 978–80. H. Fiehn,
s.v. Straßenraub, RE IV A, 1932, 171f. H. Düll, G. Mickwitz, s.v. Straßenraub,
RE Suppl. VII, 1940, 1239–44. G. Barbieri, s.v. Latrones, DE IV, 1947, 460–6.
L. Friedländer, Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von Augustus bis
zum Ausgang der Antonine, rev. G. Wissowa, Bd. I, Leipzig 1922 10 , 352–9. M. Hengel,
Die Zeloten. Untersuchungen zur jüdischen Freiheitsbewegung in der Zeit von Herodes I. bis
70 n. Chr., Leiden – Cologne 1961, 26ff.
32 Guenther, Latrocinium. Cf. already A.D. Dimitrev, ‘Bandit-revolts as a form of classwarfare
in the Roman Empire’ (in Russian), VDI 1951/4, 61–72.
33 MacMullen, Enemies.
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