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slavery, slaves:
avengers of masters (freedmen as
avengers of patrons) 138, 145–51,
153, 161
captivi, prisoners-of-war 17, 77
ergastula 62, 67
erro, unlicensed leave 50
fugitivi 10, 19, 50–1, 57, 59, 65, 70,
104, 128–9, 131, 139, 154–5:
latrones encourage slave flight 104;
poor rations as motives for flight
and banditry 9, 57–8, 116, 135
inheritance cases, resentment in 143,
149
Kaisareioi 116–17, 144
liberti 116–17, 154
loyalty to owners 143
physiognomy 147
recruitment into Roman army 125–6
servilis animus 144
servus latro 16
servus publicus 17
slave states: armies 62, 67, 70, 85;
games, public 63, 67; Hellenistic
models 61–2, 67, 71; organisation
63, 66; precious metals, supposed
ban on 68; religion 66–7; royal
names 61–2; royal symbols 61–2,
67, 115; social motivation of slave
leaders 64
slave trade 60 22
slave wars 37, 40–1, 57–69, 137:
1st Sicilian 59–61; 2nd Sicilian
61–4; Spartacus 64–9; Sex.
Pompeius 75
victims of latrones 30–1
social bandits see latro(nes), latrocinium
Sostratos 22 65
sources, ancient, on banditry:
historiography 5–8, 93–4, 110–11,
124–5, 133–6, 139, 140–1, 161,
164–5: latro as exemplum bonum 9,
35, 56, 117, 136; latro as exemplum
malum 56, 117, 136; moralising
function 9, 110; rejection of trivia
1, 5–6, 120
inscriptions 8, 24
legal documents 8, 15–17
novels 3, 7, 123
oral tradition 93, 120
papyri 8, 25, 32
philosophical and rhetorical works 6
Sparta 79
INDEX
229
*Spartacus 3, 37, 41, 54, 58, 64–9, 71,
84, 126, 163
stationes/burgi 21–2
*Sulla 47, 74, 111
Syria 23, 60 22 , 80, 91, 142, 144
*Tacfarinas, North African resistance
leader under Tiberius, c. ad 17/24
3, 33–4, 37 31 , 41, 48–57, 69, 71,
104 107 , 126, 137, 163–5
Tacitus see crisis, perception of
*Tarcondimotus, local dynast in Asia
Minor, mid-1st cent. bc 78–80
Tarsus 77
Taurus mountains 79
technitae 113–14
*Tetrinius, bandit under Caligula,
c. ad 37/41 15–16
theft see fur, furtum
Theodosius I 83
Thermis, victim of latrones 30
*Tholomaius, Jewish resistance leader,
ad 44/45 96
Thracia 37, 84
*Thyamis, bandit in Heliodorus 7
Tiberias 102
Tiberius 21, 53–5, 118–19, 121, 140–5,
160, 163; see also crisis, perception of
*Tillorobos, bandit in Asia Minor,
mid-2nd cent. ad 6 17
Titus 94, 101–3, 105–6, 153–4
*Trachinos, bandit in Heliodorus 7
Trajan 21
*Trebellianus, Isaurian usurper under
Gallienus, c. ad 260/68 83
Trier, Treveri 24, 55, 131
*Troxoboris, rebel leader in Cilicia under
Nero, c. ad 52 6 17 , 127
typology of bandits:
by deed: avengers 3, 137–40, 162–3;
bandits 3, 14–17, 162–3; rebels 3,
33–5, 58, 162–3; rivals 3, 72–6,
102, 109, 162–3
by perception: common, despised,
bandits 3, 7, 41, 49–52, 56, 59,
71, 73, 89, 100–1, 124, 127,
133–6, 162–6; noble, admired,
bandits 3, 7, 35, 41, 49, 51–2,
55–6, 59, 68, 71, 108, 113, 118,
124, 133–6, 144, 162–6
tyrannus 82–3, 89; see also origin:
usurpers
Tyre 101