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NOTES
151 Drinkwater, ‘Peasants and Bagaudae’ (n. 149), 361: ‘. . . the picture that emerges
of the Three Gauls in the second and third centuries ad is of a land in which the
most obvious characteristic was the well-to-do peasant’; cf. Drinkwater, ‘Patronage’
(n. 149).
152 Drinkwater, ‘Peasants and Bagaudae’ (n. 149), 369.
153 Cf. Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 374 and n. 44.
154 AE 1959, 141; see above n. 113, with Grosso, La lotta politica (n. 102), 435ff.;
Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 371.
155 Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 371f.
156 S. Szádeczky-Kardoss, ‘Iuliobona és Maternus felkelése’, ArchErt 83, 1956, 18–23.
Contra, Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 372.
157 G. Mangard, ‘L’inscription dédicatoire du théâtre du Bois l’Abbé à Eu (Seine-
Maritime)’, Gallia 40, 1982, 35–51.
158 Cf. above, p. 22.
159 Mangard, ‘L’inscription dédicatoire’ (n. 157), 43.
160 Picard, ‘La république des Pictons’ (n. 105), 555ff. Idem, ‘La révolte de Maternus’
(n. 105), 77–84.
161 H.-G. Pflaum, Les carrières procuratoriennes équestres sous le Haut-Empire Romain, vol. I,
Paris 1960, 535ff. no. 196.
162 CIL III 1919 with 14224 = ILS 2770: adversus Arm[oricano]s.
163 A.R. Birley, Soldier and Civilian in Roman Yorkshire, Leicester 1971, 95, n. 80.
Doubtful, Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 373, n. 33.
164 H. Heinen, Trier und das Trevererland in römischer Zeit, Trier 1985, 85f. (with
further bibliography).
165 Ibid.
166 CIL III 10471f.; 10473 = ILS 1153, all from Aquincum; for Castinus see PIR 2
I 566; Birley, African Emperor (n. 2), 215 App. 2, no. 19.
167 Thus already R. Saxer, Untersuchungen zu den Vexillationen des römischen Kaiserheeres
von Augustus bis Diokletian, Cologne/Graz 1967, 49, recently corroborated on the
basis of other epigraphic evidence by Okamura, ‘Social Disturbances’ (n. 51), 289f.,
contrary to the proposition by Birley, African Emperor (n. 2), 176, that Castinus and
his forces belong in the context of Septimius Severus’ British campaign.
168 Herodian 1.10.3f.
169 Herodian 1.10.5–7.
170 HA Pesc. 3.3. On this see Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 369f., citing and
agreeing with the older literature. Shaw, ‘Bandits’ 45, accepts and attributes some
symbolic significance to the participation of the three later rivals for power, Severus,
Albinus and Niger, in their capacity as governors of the Three Gauls in the suppression
of Maternus’ revolt: ‘It is a statist morality play in which the bandit (the
anti-state) confronts the emperor (the state), albeit with a reversal of roles.’ In my
view, this is to overstretch the evidence, since the revolt remained confined to
Germania Superior and the involvement of the governors of neighouring provinces
is uncertain.
171 AE 1959, 141; see Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 371.
172 Herodian 1.10.7.
173 Shaw, ‘Bandits’ 46.
174 See Hohl, ‘Kaiser Commodus’ (n. 100), 18f. Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100),
373; 375 and n. 45. Shaw, ‘Bandits’ 46.
175 Quotation from Hohl, ‘Kaiser Commodus’ (n. 100), 3.
176 Alföldy, ‘Bellum desertorum’ (n. 100), 375f.
177 Herodian 1.10.3.
178 Dio 76.10.6.
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