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Gischala 100–2<br />
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius 154,<br />
157–8<br />
grassator 15, 24<br />
Gratus, Roman officer 96<br />
Greece 22 65 , 79, 144<br />
guerilla war see law<br />
BANDITS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE<br />
Hadrian 16, 21, 28<br />
*Hannibal 39, 43, 55, 66, 107, 119<br />
Hasmonaean dynasty 95<br />
Hemeroskopeion 47<br />
herdsmen see origin: pastores<br />
Herod Antipas 95, 149<br />
*Herod I 80, 95–6, 143, 148<br />
*Hezekiah, member of Jewish opposition<br />
against Herod I, c. 47 bc 95<br />
Hispania 22 69 , 33–48, 76 37 , 99, 124,<br />
128–9<br />
historiography see sources<br />
Histria 139<br />
human sacrifice, cannibalism 67, 71,<br />
122–3; see also gangs, bandit: as<br />
state-like entities: initiation<br />
Iberian peninsula see Hispania<br />
Idumaea 103, 105<br />
Illyria 22 69 , 23–4, 42, 50<br />
Isauria 22 69–70 , 86–9<br />
*Isidorus, leader of Bukoloi under<br />
Marcus Aurelius, c. ad 172 114,<br />
122<br />
Ision, slave, victim of <strong>latrones</strong> 30<br />
Isocrates 22 69<br />
Israel (modern) 106<br />
Italia 22 62 , 64–9, 110–11, 132, 151<br />
Iuliobona 130<br />
Jericho 20, 149<br />
Jerusalem 20, 91 2–3 , 97–8, 103, 105–6<br />
*Jesus of Nazareth 20, 91<br />
*Jesus, Jewish resistance fighter, c. ad<br />
66/70 97 43<br />
Jewish War 11, 91–109<br />
*John of Gischala, Jewish resistance<br />
leader, c. ad 66/70 3, 100–4, 109,<br />
126<br />
Josephus (Flavius losephus) 93–4,<br />
100–4, 109<br />
Jotapata 108<br />
Judaea 11, 23, 91–109<br />
*Judas, son of Hezekiah, c. 4 bc 95, 97<br />
Julia, daughter of Augustus 143<br />
226<br />
Labienus, Q. 78<br />
*Lachares, Spartan dynast, mid-1st cent.<br />
bc 79–80<br />
Laranda 78<br />
<strong>latrones</strong>, latrocinium:<br />
etymology 4–5<br />
metaphorical usage 2, 14, 32, 72, 76,<br />
82–3, 86, 161<br />
modern understanding of 2 6 : see also<br />
causes, clothing, conceptions,<br />
counter-measures, gangs, law,<br />
origin, research, slavery, sources,<br />
typology, victims<br />
as political invective 73–6, 81<br />
latrunculatores 22<br />
law, Roman, and banditry 15:<br />
dolus bonus 16<br />
dolus malus 16<br />
factio 15–16<br />
famosi <strong>latrones</strong> 15, 57<br />
guerilla war as latrocinium 35, 37, 39,<br />
47–8, 51, 55, 58, 71, 85<br />
homicidium 20<br />
homines armati, coacti 16<br />
insignes <strong>latrones</strong> 16<br />
latro as opposed to hostis, latrocinium as<br />
opposed to bellum 16–17, 40, 51,<br />
58, 82, 128<br />
leistrikoi tropoi 28<br />
vis 15–16, 58<br />
vis maior 19<br />
legio:<br />
III 21, 48<br />
VIII 128, 132<br />
IX 53<br />
XIII 24<br />
XXII 21, 24<br />
leistarchos 37, 81, 113<br />
leistes see latro(nes), latrociniurn<br />
leistopiastai 22 63<br />
Lentulus Crus, L. Cornelius 74<br />
Liburni 23<br />
Limonum 130<br />
Livia 142<br />
*Longinus, C. Cassius, assassin of Julius<br />
Caesar 81, 139<br />
ludus latrunculorum 85<br />
Lycaonia 78<br />
Lycia 22 65 , 86, 88<br />
*Lydius, local leader in Asia Minor under<br />
Probus, ad 278/79 86–8<br />
*Lysias, Cilician philosopher and local<br />
dynast, mid-1st cent. bc 77–9
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