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BANDITS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Clemens, T. Varius 21
clementia 108
*Cleon, slave leader in 1st Sicilian War
59–65, 71
*Cleon, local dynast in Asia Minor,
mid-1st cent. bc 78–9
Cleopatra 79
clientela 6, 77, 136, 156
Clodius Albinus 111, 132
clothing, bandit and disguise 114–15,
121, 132, 134; false identity
138–40, 152–5
Comana 78
*Comanus, brother of the slave leader,
Cleon 60
*Commodus 21, 25, 81, 110, 113, 121,
123, 126, 129–30, 133–4
conception, Roman, of the bandit as
reflected in literature:
characteristics of the latro: audacity 89,
125; bloodthirstiness 60; charisma
47–8, 54, 70, 87, 119; clementia 64;
comradeship 6; cunning, daring,
self-confidence 112, 114, 125, 144;
determination 42; drink, capacity
for 89; elusiveness 112; endurance,
powers of 42; fairness 42–4, 84;
foresight 42; glory, thirst for 105,
132, 135; greed 75; greed, lack
of 44; honour 7, 107–8; hubris
66, 136; intelligence 38, 65;
invincibility, vulnerable only to
deceit 47, 52, 56, 108, 118–19,
132, 134; luck in war 42; military
leadership skills 42, 65, 69; pride
89; prudence 65; sexual prowess and
licentiousness 85, 89; size 84;
solidarity 6; speed of action 39;
strength 38; supernatural abilities
47–8, 61; temperance, moderatio 42,
113, 136; tyranny of 75, 82–4, 87,
103–5; violence, cruelty 7, 89;
virtus 38, 42, 55, 65, 84; wisdom
42; wit 116, 118–20, 141
death, and contempt for 46, 60, 69:
hero’s death 69; mass suicide 60,
76, 106–9
fear of latrones 32, 69, 75
ideal/construct 2–3, 7–8, 11–13, 43
latrones as challengers of the
establishment 35, 113, 132, 134
literary cliché 2, 13, 56, 71, 84–5,
109, 161–6
224
model of virtue 43–4
romance of the bandit 7, 36: Robin
Hood 11, 77, 113; noble savagery
36–7, 84, 89; original, primitive
state 38
Constantine I 82–3
Corbulo, Cn. Domitius 127
Corinth 79
corocotta 112 22
*Corocotta, Spanish bandit, c. 27
bc/ad 14 112, 120, 134, 147
Costoboci 23
counter-measures against banditry:
private: giving up of jewellery and
valuables 21; guard dogs 20; home
security 24; self-help 30–137;
weapons 21
public: army recruitment 22, 89,
125; ban on private possession of
weapons 22; ban on riding 28;
execution, exemplary 15–16,
70–1, 120; ineffectiveness of 22;
land-settlement and redistribution
22, 34, 77–8, 88–9; police 21–2,
25, 27–8, 31
Crassus, M. Licinius 66–9
Cremna 87–8
Crete 43–4, 146
crime 1, 14, 22:
ancient, lack of statistics 2, 8, 14, 25–6
everyday crime 2 5 , 10–11, 14, 18:
affecting travel 20–22;
opportunistic theft 29–32
historical criminology 2 5
modern 1 2 , 17
crisis, perception of:
corruption of Roman Senate 46
corruption and untrustworthiness of
Roman generals 34, 43–5, 56
deficiencies of Roman army 68–9,
114–15, 121, 133
incompetence of Roman emperors:
Commodus and his successors
(Cassius Dio) 114–15, 117–18,
120–4, 134, 163; Tiberius (Tacitus)
54–6, 140–5, 163
Roman decadence 38, 44, 68
‘world turned upside down’ 47, 165
Crispus, Sallustius 142
Crixus 67
Cumanus, Ventidius 97
*Curtisius, T., slave-agitator, ad 24
104 107 , 127–8