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172 Gaelic Society of hwerness. tlie ishinilers peace, prosperity, and justice compared with what they used to receive before. But yet they could not be said to be popular rulers. The elder branch of the house of Stanley became extinct on the death of Earl James in 1736, and while the English honours and estates went to the heir male— a very distant kinsman indeed of Earl James—the Tsle of Man and the Barony of Stran
The Isle of Man. 173 preached in any, although the people in their homes throughout all the country continue to speak the language of their ancestors. Another custom which the Murrays religiously guarded is still preserved — " The courts are still fenced in Manx, according to ancient traditionary form ; and the island laws are still promulgated in jNIanx on the Tynwald Mount." The Imperial Government had been using steady pressure for more than a century before 18l*9 to get rid of the Kings in ^lan and the Manx taritl". As early as 1G70 an enterprising Liverpool lirni organised smuggling in Man on a large scale, and made immense profit for a time. The English customs and excise duties were then comparatively low, but the import duties of Man were still so much lower that a good margin of profit was left to the smugglers. The situation of the island made it a natural emporium for the illicit traders of many lands. The Manx people did the distribution work, and in sjiite of ships of war and armed cut- tei-s, they glided in their boats with cargoes of brandy, wine, tea, and other commodities under cover of night and mists, to the Scotch, Irish, English and Welsh coasts. Great pressure was brought upon the last Stanley King in Man to sell the island to the Government. That pressure, in a stronger degree and in various forms—one which was to foment faction and discontent was steadily continued during the Murray in the period. island When nothing else would do, in 1765 the British Government in a very high-handed manner constrained the Duke of Athole to sell the Manx sovereignty—retaining his proprietary and manorial rights, ecclesiastical patronage, &c.—for £70,000. The INIanx people were filled with consternation, and many of them hastily realised their possessions, and retired from the island. But after some yeai-s they recovered confidence, and developed the contraband trade to such an extent that a Parliamentary Committee, appointed in 1792, estimated the annual loss to the customs of Great Britain caused by Manx smuggling at £350,000. It was felt that the purchase of the sovereignty was not enough, and that till the property and patronage rights were vested in the Crown, the neck of the contraband trade could not be broken. So the tithe commotion was not officially checked but fostered; and the Duke of Athol(;'s position was made so uncomfoi'table that he was at last glad to sell out entirely for £416,11-1. The ecclesiasical history of Man is to the effect that St Patrick converted the heathens of that island, and placed " a holy prudent canon of the Lateran, and a disciple of his own named Germanus," over them as bishop, that for a long time t<strong>here</strong>after tlje —
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OF THx:;- GAELIC SOCIETY OF INVERNE
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE GAELIC SOCIETY
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coisrTEisrTS PAGE, Office-bearers f
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GAELIC SOCIETY OF INVERNESS. OFFICE
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GAELIC SOCIETY OF INVERNESS. CONSTI
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COXSTITUTION. XI G. The Society sha
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XIV INTRODUCTION. translation of th
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XVI INTRODUCTION. The above scheme
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MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. HONORARY CH
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Members. 433 Menzies, John, Banavie
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Members. 436 Gunn, "William, draper
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Members. Maclcod, John, IVryrtlci B
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LIST BOOKS IN THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY
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NAME OF BOOKS. St James's Magazine,
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NAMES OF ROOKS. Gaelic Grammar, Iri
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Library. 445 NAMES OF BOOKS. DONOR.
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