COUV ACTES - Psychologie communautaire

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Community Psychology: Common Values, Diverse PracticesThe ecological engagement as a research and interventionmethodby Maria Angela Mattar Yunes 1 , Narjara Mendes Garcia 1 , Angela Torma Pietro 1 andSimone de Biazzi Ávila Batista Silveira 1 .IntroductionThe Ecological Engagement is a methodology that has as theoretical basis, the Bioecology of HumanDevelopment (Bronfenbrenner, 1979/1996; Bronfenbrenner, 1999; Cecconello & Koller, 2004; Prati, Couto,Moura, Poletto & Koller, 2008). It proposes the understanding of human development under the scope of fourinterrelated dimensions: Person, Process, Context and Time (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998; Bronfenbrenner &Evans, 2000). Those dimensions should not be taken as a priori categories but they would serve to give limits tothe focus of the data which are going to be collected as well as its posterior analysis. Therefore, the PPCT modeloffer directions to the researcher who should choose to “turn to look at” in a holistic and systemic way. In general,this search will concentrate in significant interactions among people, contexts and symbols which compose theproximal and distant studied environments.It is an efficient versatile methodological resource that adjusts at each researched reality and allowscomprehension and intervention in an ecological-systemic scope of the development of people and groups intheir natural contexts. The procedures involves the researcher engagement in different contexts of developmentin order to observe and communicate - through informal contacts, conversations and interviews – especially withthe persons who are part of the everyday life of the environments.The investigations and interventions to be presented in this text have shown that the researchers “ecological look”on the PPCT dimensions should be led by the following theoretical criteria proposed in details by the bioecologyof human development of Bronfenbrenner and Morris (see the full article published in 1998). Then, the researchershould turn to:THE PERSON: refers to the biopsychological characteristics of the persons in the investigated contexts, bothinherited and developed;THE PROCESSES: are the enduring forms of proximal, reciprocal and regularly more complex forms ofinteractions between the persons and other participants, as well as those persons and the objects or symbolswhich are part of the immediate or distant environment;1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG. http://www.ceprua.furg.br - CEP-RUA in Rio Grande, RS, BRAZIL. E-mail:mamyunes@yahoo.com.br289
Community Psychology: Common Values, Diverse PracticesTHE CONTEXTS: refers to the four levels of influence in individuals` development (Bronfenbrenner, 1979/1996)which are denominated as such: microssistem (the most proximal environment), mesossistem (the interactionamong microssistems – forming the person social network), exossistem (the distant environments) andmacrossistem (traditions, history, social values, ideological elements of all mentioned environments);THE TIME: as the fundamental aspects of influence in human development. It refers to the changes along the lifecycle; biological, ecological and social transitions related to cultural aspects.Two examples of investigations in risk situations that resulted into protective interventionsFamily education in the context of non industrial fishing families and the transgenerational processes of resilienceAs described above, the methodology of Ecological Engagement can facilitate the study of family relationships ormicrosystems (Cecconello & Koller, 2003). Therefore, it was used as a strategy to investigate the meanings offamily education along three generation of non industrial fishing families. The aspects of intergenerationtransmission of educational practices and processes of family resilience were the main focus of this research.For such, two families were chosen at random in the fishing community located in the extreme south of Brazil.Initially it was necessary to build confidence between researchers and the members of the families to be able toget inside the houses and conduct the open interviews. After some initial resistance, the participants recognizedthe role of the researchers and collaborated with all steps of the investigation. The results showed that althoughfishing is a family work and crosses generations, it is being discussed as a way of living and not anymoreencouraged by the educational practices for the young generation. Therefore the knowledge on fishing is underthreat in that region. Many changes have occurred in parental practices along time - as seen by the qualitativeanalysis of the life histories of different generations. The youngest generations are more dialogical andaffectionate in their parental practices in opposition of the authoritarian and punitive style of the old ones.Therefore it is possible for the youngsters to choose a profession that might not be fishing. These results werepossible due to the cautious and gradual processes of researchers’ insertion in the community. The consequentintervention of this investigation was a Dialogical Support Program on Educational Parental Practices in thecommunity whose aim was to promote more thinking on pedagogical attitudes in the everyday life of the familiesand think over the fishing community and their needs.The school environment as a context for disclosure of sexual abuse: intervention with teachersTeachers and professionals of education should be prepared to identify and evaluate the signs of intra orextrafamilial violence. The school environment is a microsystem and might be a context where abused childrenand adolescents feel free to break the syndrome of silence and ask for help. The present proposal aimed toinvestigate the context of a public school located in Rio Grande/RS, Brazil, and to legitimate the protective role ofthe school context by empowering the teachers who face those conditions. The methodology followed two steps:the first consisted of the diagnostic of the school dynamics through the principles of Ecological Engagement290
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COUV ACTES - Psychologie communautaire

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