Untitled - eCommons@Cornell - Cornell University

42 ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION.
nium ; liverworts like riccia, marchantia, cephalozia ; mosses like
funaria, mnium ; and a few of the higher plants, including lemna.
Study
growth of seedlings with reference to increase in length and
diameter, direction of growth ; irritability shown by movement of
parts in response to stimuli. (The topics as above arranged, as far as
possible represent progression of function, and the study of the lower
plants throws great light on the processes in the higher forms, and at
the same time familiarizes the student with a few of these lower
forms).
Study general morphology, reproduction and fruiting
in the differ
ent groups. Examples are suggested as follows : Among the algae,
spirogyra, vaucheria, oedogonium, coleochatae ; among the fungi,
mucor, saprolegnia, .puccinia (wheat
rust), one of the erisypheae
(powdery mildews), mushrooms ; among the liverworts, riccia, mar
chantia, cephalozia ; among the mosses, funaria, mnium, or polytri-
chum ; among fern plants, a fern, equisetum, selaginella, isoetes ;
among gymnosperms, one of the pines ; among angiosperms, one
of the monocotyledons and a dicotyledon. (In this study it will be
found useful in with dealing the lower plants to use the same plant as
often as possible for the different topics, since fewer new names will
be introduced and the student can concentrate the mind upon pro
cesses and structures. The plants suggested are chosen for a purpose
since they represent progression of form and structure. The student
should study all the stages suggested from the actual material using
text-books only as aids. )
In the algae, liverworts, moses and ferns the organs of reproduction
can usually be easily studied by beginners if material is preserved at
the proper stages in advance, or it may be grown as wanted. In the
higher plants the study of the reproductive organs is attended with
difficulty. Here and in other difficult topics the studies should be
supplemented by demonstrations on the part of the teacher, and by
collateral reading.
Study.the special morphology of the higher plants by a careful ex
amination of types in the families of angiosperms. The following are
suggested, ranunculaceae, cruciferae, leguminosae, rosaceae, umbelliferae,
compositae, labiatae, cupuliferae, salicaceae, liliaceae, araceae,
cyperaceae, geraniaceae, orchidaceae.
As a part of the examination, careful notes and drawings must be
presented as evidence that the work on the several topics outlined
above has been faithfully and successfully accomplished. Those who
wish to prepare an herbarium in addition, may present the same as
partial evidence, but weight will be given to this only when the