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Narcissus and Daffodil

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The biology of <strong>Narcissus</strong> 15<br />

or respond to ethylene. Further investigation of these features may facilitate the<br />

manipulation of narcissus growth <strong>and</strong> development, so that desirable characters –<br />

whether ornamental or industrial – could be exploited.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

ADAS (1985) <strong>Narcissus</strong> Forcing. Booklet 2299, revised. MAFF (Publications), Alnwick.<br />

ADAS (1987) ADAS Research <strong>and</strong> Development Summary Reports on Bulbs <strong>and</strong> Allied Flower Crops<br />

1987 (unpublished).<br />

Alkema, H.Y. <strong>and</strong> Leeuwen, C.J.M. van (1978) Onderzoek betreffende de bloeirijkheid van<br />

narcissen. Laboratorium voor Bloembollenonderzoek Lisse Rapport 37.<br />

Anon. (1998) Forcing Flower Bulbs. 3rd edition. International Flower Bulb Centre, Lisse.<br />

Arroyo, J. <strong>and</strong> Dafni, A. (1995) Variations in habit, season, flower traits <strong>and</strong> pollinators in<br />

dimorphic <strong>Narcissus</strong> tazetta L. (Amaryllidaceae) in Israel. New Phytologist, 129, 135–145.<br />

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species. Canadian Journal of Botany, 47, 1817–1819.<br />

Balbaa, S.I., Hashem, M.S., Afifi, M.S. <strong>and</strong> Magd, M.S. (1980) Investigation of carbohydrate<br />

content of <strong>Narcissus</strong> tazetta L. <strong>and</strong> Pancratium maritimum L. growing in Egypt. Egyptian<br />

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Barkham, J.P. (1980a) Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (<strong>Narcissus</strong> pseudonarcissus).<br />

1. Clonal growth, seed reproduction, mortality <strong>and</strong> the effects of density. Journal of<br />

Ecology, 68, 607–633.<br />

Barkham, J.P. (1980b) Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (<strong>Narcissus</strong> pseudonarcissus).<br />

2. Changes in number of shoots <strong>and</strong> flowers, <strong>and</strong> the effect of bulb depth on growth <strong>and</strong><br />

reproduction. Journal of Ecology, 68, 635–664.<br />

Barkham, J.P. (1992) Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (<strong>Narcissus</strong> pseudonarcissus).<br />

4. Clumps <strong>and</strong> gaps. Journal of Ecology, 80, 797–808.<br />

Barkham, J.P. <strong>and</strong> Hance, C.E. (1982) Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (<strong>Narcissus</strong><br />

pseudonarcissus). 3. Implication of a computer model of 1000 years of population change.<br />

Journal of Ecology, 70, 323–344.<br />

Barrett, S.C.H., Cole, W.W., Arroyo, J., Cruzan, M.B. <strong>and</strong> Lloyd, D.G. (1997) Sexual polymorphism<br />

in <strong>Narcissus</strong> tri<strong>and</strong>rus (Amaryllidaceae): is this species tristylous? Heredity, 78,<br />

135–145.<br />

Belynskaya, E.V., Kondrat’eva, V.V., Slyusarenko, A.G. <strong>and</strong> Filomonova, M.V. (1990) Studies<br />

on cytokinins by using high performance liquid chromatography, <strong>and</strong> identification of<br />

these substances in different plant tissues. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya,<br />

5, 682–686 (in Russian).<br />

Blanchard, J.W. (1990) <strong>Narcissus</strong> – a Guide to Wild <strong>Daffodil</strong>s. Alpine Garden Society, Woking.<br />

Bowles, E.A. (1934) A H<strong>and</strong>book of <strong>Narcissus</strong>. Martin Hopkinson, London.<br />

Caldwell, J. <strong>and</strong> Wallace, T.J. (1955) <strong>Narcissus</strong> pseudonarcissus L. Journal of Ecology, 43, 331–341.<br />

Chan, T.-T. (1952) The development of the narcissus plant. <strong>Daffodil</strong> <strong>and</strong> Tulip Yearbook, 17,<br />

72–100.<br />

Chen, S. (1969) The contractile roots of <strong>Narcissus</strong>. Annals of Botany, 33, 421–426.<br />

Chilvers, M.T. <strong>and</strong> Daft, M.F.J. (1981) Mycorrhizas of the liliiflorae. 2. Mycorrhiza formation<br />

<strong>and</strong> incidence of root hairs in field grown <strong>Narcissus</strong> L., Tulipa L., <strong>and</strong> Crocus L. cultivars.<br />

New Phytologist, 89, 247–261.<br />

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