Narcissus and Daffodil

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Table 4.3 Dutch exports and imports of Narcissus bulbs (1990 figures) a Note a From PVS (1990a,b). Production of Narcissus bulbs 57 by supplies from the UK, along with Tazetta bulbs from Israel (PVS, 1990a,b). The trade in narcissus bulbs between the UK and the Netherlands consists largely of bulbs of ‘mainstream’ cultivars (sold by weight) exported from the UK to the Netherlands, and bulbs of ‘choicer’ cultivars (sold by number) traded in the opposite direction. UK also exports bulbs to Germany, North America, Scandinavia and France. UK exports of bulbs (predominantly narcissus) were valued at £9.451 m in 1998, while imports of narcissus bulbs amounted to £3.462 m (MAFF, 1999a). Israel exports some 30 million Tazetta bulbs annually (I. Gerstein and H. Lilien- Kipnis, personal communication), to the Netherlands and the USA, while China and Japan export small quantities to the USA (Oldfield, 1989). US imports about 120 million narcissus bulbs annually (Gould, 1993), including some 90 million from the Netherlands (1994–1995 figures, W.B. Miller, personal communication). The Netherlands and UK also export large volumes of narcissus cut-flowers. On the assumption that narcissus make up the bulk of the cut-flower exports from the UK, these were valued at over £10m in 1998 (MAFF, 1999a). Pot-grown dwarf narcissus are an important export from the Netherlands: sales of pot narcissus in Germany reached 1.79 million in 1998 (Heinricks, 1999). Cultivars grown Exports Imports Number (million) Weight (1000 t) Number (million) Weight (1000 t) Austria 9 0.7 0 0 Belgium and Luxembourg 6 0.4 0 0 Canada 11 0.6 0 0 Denmark 8 0.4 0 0 Finland 7 0.6 0 0 France 29 1.6 8 0.3 Germany 88 5.6 4 0.2 Israel 0 0 11 0.5 Italy 4 0.2 0 0 Norway 4 0.3 0 0 Sweden 13 1.0 0 0 Switzerland 8 0.5 0 0 UK 37 1.3 50 2.8 USA 70 4.0 0 0 Total 294 17.2 73 3.8 Full statistics for the cultivars grown are available only for the Netherlands, and they are summarised in Table 4.4 by cultivar groups and in Table 4.5 by top cultivars. In recent years, the main change has been the expansion in growing Cyclamineus types (now 30% of the total narcissus area), predominantly involving
Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultivar groups grown in the Netherlands in 1990–1991 and 1998–1999 a Cultivar group 1990–1991 1998–1999 Change in area over 8 year period Area (ha) (No. of Area (ha) (No. of cultivars) cultivars) Cyclamineus 185 (25) 535 (32) +189% Large-cup 666 (107) 433 (164) –35% Trumpet (yellow) 375 (40) 294 (61) –22% Double 189 (40) 202 (58) +7% Tazetta 58 (10) 73 (17) +26% Jonquilla 20 (18) 53 (26) +165% Triandrus 15 (9) 34 (12) +127% Split Corona 30 (33) 25 (43) –17% Trumpet (bicolor) 27 (15) 19 (16) –30% Small-cup 34 (14) 18 (27) –47% Species 6 (10) 17 (10) +183% Trumpet (white) 16 (7) 13 (12) –19% Poeticus 6 (3) 6 (8) 0% Unknown 9 (–) 33 (–) – Totals 1639 (331) 1756 (488) b +7% Notes a Data from PVS/BKD (1991) and PT/BKD (1999); data or cultivars grown by only one grower are excluded. b Numbers do not total due to some un-classified cultivars. Table 4.5 Areas of the ‘Top 20’ Narcissus cultivars grown in the Netherlands in 1998–1999 a Cultivar Division and colour code b Area (ha) Tête-à-Tête 12Y-Y 449 Carlton 2Y-Y 153 Dutch Master 1Y-Y 135 Ice Follies 2W-W 101 Golden Harvest 1Y-Y 55 Minnow 8Y-Y 46 Dick Wilden 4Y-Y 45 February Gold 6Y-Y 33 Standard Value 1Y-Y 32 Jetfire 6Y-O 30 Salome 2W-PPY 28 Tahiti 4Y-O 24 Bridal Crown 4W-Y 22 Gigantic Star 2Y-Y 19 Quail 7Y-Y 18 Van Sion 4Y-Y 16 Hawera 5Y-Y 15 Cheerfulness 4W-Y 15 Geranium 8W-O 15 Yellow Sun 2Y-Y 13 Notes a From PT/BKD (1999). b Kington (1998).
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
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Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
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Figures/Plates of different segment
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2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
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4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
Page 27 and 28: 3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
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Page 37 and 38: 16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
Page 39 and 40: 18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
Page 41 and 42: 20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
Page 43 and 44: 22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
Page 45 and 46: 24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
Page 47 and 48: 26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
Page 49 and 50: 28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
Page 51 and 52: 3 Classification of the genus Narci
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Page 55 and 56: 34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
Page 57 and 58: 36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
Page 59 and 60: 38 B. Mathew 1c. Section Ganymedes
Page 61 and 62: 40 B. Mathew umbel, fragrant; peria
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Page 71 and 72: 50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
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Page 75 and 76: 54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
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Page 105 and 106: 84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
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368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
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370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
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16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
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382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
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17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
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394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
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Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
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398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
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400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
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406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
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19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
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410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
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412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
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414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
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416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
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418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
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420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial d
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422 Index Divisions (classification
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424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf sco
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426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Po
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428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax
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Narcissus and Daffodil

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