Narcissus and Daffodil

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Seeds, 13, 109, 185, 197, 215f, 232, 234 Selection, 90 Series (taxonomic); Albiflorae, 42; Hermione, 42 Serum levels, 338 Sesamum indicum, 418 Set-aside, 135 Sewage sludge, 71 Sexual dysfunction, 418 Shakespeare, William, 23 Sheet-laminated fabric, 411 Shoot dormancy, 232 Shoot-clump cultures, 104, 215ff, 248 Shoots, adventitious, 221, 231 Single Market, 56 Single-nosed round bulb, 4, 7 Site considerations, 64ff Skin (human), 407, 413, 418 Skin diseases (bulbs), 61, 100 Slime vessels, 405 Slugs, 61 Small narcissus flies, 60 Small-cup cultivars, 1, 47, 49, 59, 74 Smoke treatments, 12, 100 Smoulder, 61, 87, 89, 100 Snowdrop (see Galanthus) Socrates, 26 Soft rot, 61, 97 Soil, 68; compaction, 68; disinfection, 70, 88, 101; erosion, 86; moisture, 89; removal, 94; sampling, 70 Soil-borne fungi, 70 Solar sterilization, 101 Somatic embryo, 105, 217, 220 Spastic pareses, 242 Spathe, 13 Species; N. abscissus, 36; N. albescens, 36; N. albimarginatus, 40; N. alpestris, 36f; N. angustifolius, 246; N. assoanus, 39, 43; N. asturiensis, 35f; N. atlanticus, 40; N. aureus, 42; N. baeticus, 39; N. barlae, 43; N. bertolonii, 42; N. bicolor, 36; N. blancoi, 45; N. broussonetti, 44; N. bujei, 36; N. bulbocodium, 45f, 105, 109, 185; N. calcicarpetanus, 36; N. calcicola, 27, 40; N. canaliculatus, 42; N. canariensis, 43; N. cantabricus, 45f; N. cavanillesii, 41; N. cerrolazae, 39; N. confusus, 36, 196, 216ff, 248f, 290; N. corcyrensis, 42; N. cordubensis, 39; N. cuatrecasasii, 40; N. cupularis, 42; N. cyclamineus, 27, 31, 36, 49, 109; N. cypri, 42; N. dubius, 43; N. elegans, 4, 31, 43ff; N. fernandesii, 39; N. fontqueri, 36; N. gaditanus, 39f; N. gayi, 37; N. genesii-lopezii, 37; N. gracillis, 245; N. graellsii, 46; N. hedraeanthus, 45f; N. hispanicus, 36f, 53; N. humilis, 4; Index 427 N. incomparabilis, 166; 245; N. italicus, 42; N. jacetanus, 36; N. jacquemoudii, 46; N. jeanmonodii, 45; N. jonquilla, 12, 38f, 102, 184, 245, 394; N. juncifolius, 12, 39; N. juressianus, 45; N. lagoi, 36; N. lainzii, 45; N. lobularis, 13, 245; N. longispathus, 13, 37; N. lusitanicus, 38; N. macrolobus, 37; N. marianicus, 39; N. minor, 36; N. minutiflorus, 39; N. moleroi, 37; N. moschatus, 37; N. nanus, 35f; N. nevadensis, 37; N. nobilis, 36f; N. obesus, 45f; N. obvallaris, 37; N. ochroleucus, 42; N. pachybolbos, 43; N. palearensis, 39; N. pallens, 39; N. pallidiflorus, 37; N. pallidulus, 38, 141; N. panizzianus, 43; N. papyraceus, 41ff, 105, 184; N. parviflorus, 36; N. patulus, 42; N. perez-chiscanoi, 37; N. peroccidentalis, 46; N. poeticus, 1, 14, 25, 27, 34f, 49, 71, 184, 245, 249, 394; N. polyanthus, 43; N. portensis, 36; N. primigenius, 37; N. provincialis, 36; N. pseudonarcissus, 1f, 7, 13, 25, 31, 35ff, 109, 184f, 245, 411; N. pumilus, 36; N. radiiflorus, 34f; N. radinganorum, 37; N. requienii, 39; N. romieuxii, 33, 45ff; N. rupicola, 40; N. scaberulus, 40; N. serotinus, 4, 31, 44; N. subnivalis, 45; N. tazetta, 1, 4, 12ff, 23, 26, 31, 41ff, 71, 73, 88, 245, 289, 350, 418; N. tingitanus, 47; N. tortifolius, 43; N. tortuosus, 37; N. triandrus, 13, 27, 38, 49, 109, 245; N. undulata, 245; N. viridiflorus, 4, 31, 40; N. watieri, 27; N. willkommii, 39 Species concept, 30 Spectrophotometry, 172ff, 249, 258, 289, 293f, 372 Spinal impotence, 242 Split-corona cultivars, 47, 49 Sprekelia formosissima, 167, 168 Stages of development, 389 Stagonospora curtisii, 61 Starch, 13 Statistics (bulb growing), 53ff Stem, 13 Stem apex, 10ff Stem extension, 2, 12, 411 Stem nematode, 63, 68, 68–91 Steneotarsonemus laticeps, 60 Stereochemistry, 176, 177, 182 Sterilants, 70 Sternbergia, 244f, 289, 295 Storage proteins, 389 Stories, 23 Straw, 85, 101 Stress, 417 Structure–activity relationships, 244
428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax, 35; Angustifolii, 43; Apodanthi, 39; Chloranthi, 40; Corbularia, 34, 44; Eu-narcissus, 34; Hermione, 34, 41; Jonquillae, 38; Narcissus, 34; Serotini, 44 Sucrose, 218ff Sugar beet, 134ff Suicide, 184 Sulphuric acid, 92, 268 Summer daffodil crops, 100 Sun scorch, 61 Supercritical fluid extraction, 287 Suspension cultures, 216 Sustained release composition, 415 Symptoms, 184 Tacrine, 195, 215, 336, 341, 342, 359, 415 Tagetes, 102 Tapeinanthus, 30, 41 Taxonomy, 1, 30ff, 143 Tazetta narcissus, 4, 12, 30, 41, 54–65, 79, 84, 99ff, 403, 405 Tazettine, 142, 179, 182, 215ff, 288ff Tazettine-type alkaloids, 167ff, 178, 182 Temperature (effect on narcissus), 9, 11ff, 65, 79, 98 Tepals, 13 Terminal bud, 4 Tetraploids, 102 Texts, 2 Thebaine, 409 Thiabendazole, 76, 77, 94 Thiram, 76 Tinea pedis, 410 Tissue culture, 105, 196, 219, 227ff, 240, 290, 411 Tissue culture, liquid media, 96, 216ff, 226 Tissue culture, seed-derived, 221 Tissue differentiation, 220 Topography, 65ff Tortoise, 27 Tourette’s syndrome, 417 Tourism, 56 Toxicology of galanthamine, 27, 184f, 334ff, 347, 407 Trance, 184 Transport of bulbs, 98, 99 Trasformation, 103 Triandrus narcissus, 30, 59, 100 Trichodorus spp., 60 Trimethylsilyl derivatives, 288 Tropic response, 13 Trumpet cultivars, 1, 47, 49, 59, 74, 405 Tubocurarine, 195 Tulips, 2, 5, 10f, 69, 231, 408 Tumors, 25f Tunic (bulb skin), 5 Twin-scaling (propagation), 105ff, 220, 233, 278 Two-year-down growing (see crop duration) Ulcerative colitis, 414 Ungernia, 244ff, 256, 295, 306, 413 Ungiminorine, 245, 377 Uniconazole, 99 Urginea indica, 215, 219 UV, MS and biochemical detection, 374 Vallota purpurea, 245 Variable costs, 132 Variable inputs, 131 Vase-life, 408 Vegetable cropping, 137 Velnacrine, 359 Vertebrate pests, 61 Victorians, 20 Virus, Epstein Barr, 416 Virus, herpes simplex, 243 Virus, human Immunodeficiency, 389, 412, 416 Virus, human T lymphotropic, 412 Viruses, 286, 351 Viruses (plant), 61, 63, 70, 88, 90f Virus-tested plants, 63, 88, 104 Vitrification, 221ff Vittatine, 168ff, 292, 294 Volume of distribution, 338f Volunteers, 69, 87 Water table, 89 Waterlogging, 61, 65, 90 Weather (effect of), 65 Weed competition, 86, 280 Weeds (see herbicides) Western Europe, 53 Wheat, 134 White mould, 61, 87 White root rot, 61 Wild-collected bulbs, 1, 100, 276 Willgerodt-Kindler reaction, 318 Wind, 65 Windrowing (drying in field), 93 Wordsworth, William, 19 Xiphinema diversicaudatum, 60 Zephyranthes, 163, 215, 245 Zinc, 71 Zineb/maneb, 76
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
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Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
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Figures/Plates of different segment
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2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
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4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
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3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
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8 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.6 Diagrammati
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10 G.R. Hanks (Rees, 1969). When fl
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12 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.8 The relati
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14 G.R. Hanks root system of commer
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16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
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18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
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20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
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22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
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24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
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26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
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28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
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3 Classification of the genus Narci
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(1) (2) (3)
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34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
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36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
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38 B. Mathew 1c. Section Ganymedes
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40 B. Mathew umbel, fragrant; peria
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42 B. Mathew recognition whatsoever
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44 B. Mathew Note: N. elegans shows
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46 B. Mathew ssp. praecox Gatt. and
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(1) (2) (3) (4)
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50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
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52 B. Mathew RHS (1958) The Classif
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54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
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56 G.R. Hanks such as drying stores
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Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultiv
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60 G.R. Hanks Following planting in
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62 G.R. Hanks lost, resulting in th
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64 G.R. Hanks pathogen-tested nucle
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Figure 4.1 Mean monthly weather dat
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68 G.R. Hanks (as well as natural e
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70 G.R. Hanks compaction and its ef
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72 G.R. Hanks bulbs with base rot)
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74 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.3 Modern fro
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76 G.R. Hanks caution. Higher rates
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78 G.R. Hanks can also be prevented
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80 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.4 A typical
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82 G.R. Hanks Planting date The pra
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84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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86 G.R. Hanks On sloping sites, gro
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88 G.R. Hanks Insecticide and nemat
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90 G.R. Hanks bulb growth, especial
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92 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.7 Changes in
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94 G.R. Hanks methods have been tes
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96 G.R. Hanks the boxes, exiting at
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98 G.R. Hanks usually collected in
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100 G.R. Hanks respond to ethylene
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102 G.R. Hanks using thiabendazole
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104 G.R. Hanks required for the eff
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106 G.R. Hanks and cross-cutting, s
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
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368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
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370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
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Page 397 and 398: 376 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
Page 399 and 400: 378 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
Page 401 and 402: 16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
Page 403 and 404: 382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
Page 413 and 414: 17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
Page 415 and 416: 394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
Page 417 and 418: Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
Page 419 and 420: 398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
Page 421 and 422: 400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
Page 427 and 428: 406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
Page 429 and 430: 19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
Page 431 and 432: 410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
Page 433 and 434: 412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
Page 435 and 436: 414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
Page 437 and 438: 416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
Page 439 and 440: 418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
Page 441 and 442: 420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial d
Page 443 and 444: 422 Index Divisions (classification
Page 445 and 446: 424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf sco
Page 447: 426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Po
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