Narcissus and Daffodil

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Classification of Narcissus 47 var. rifanus (Emb. and Maire) A. Fernandes. Pedicels to 1 cm long; flowers small, usually 2–3.5 cm long, petals longer than corona. Morocco. ssp. albidus (Emb. and Maire) A. Fernandes. Flowers white with a greenish or yellowish tint. var. albidus. Flowers suberect to erect, perianth segments distinctly longer than corona. Morocco. var. zaianicus (Maire, Weiller and Wilczek) A. Fernandes. Flowers near horizontal, perianth segments about as long as corona. Morocco. N. tingitanus. Casas, from Tangier, is described as having large pale yellow flowers becoming cream-coloured, then white with age. THE HORTICULTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF NARCISSUS CULTIVARS Historical developments The development of the horticultural classification of Narcissus cultivars was described by Kington (1998). Prior to 1884, garden varieties of daffodils were known by ‘pseudo-botanic names’, resulting in elaborate examples such as ‘Chalcedonicus Fimbriatus Multiplex Polyanthos’ and ‘Gallicus Major Flore Pleno’. In 1884, the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Daffodil Conference reviewed the classification of garden varieties for the first time. Varieties were put into 33 groups split between three divisions, the Magnicoronati, Mediicoronati and Parvicoronati. These groups and divisions were based partly on Baker’s (1869) classification of Narcissus species and partly on other criteria devised by the Conference Committee. While the group names were largely abandoned, elements of the 1884 classification – such as the use of both ‘arbitrary’ features (e.g., relative corona size) and ‘natural’ features (the characteristics of the species) – remain in the system of classification used today. Variety names were now in the vernacular, rather than in Latin, and some 400 were listed (Barr and Moore, 1884). With a great increase both in the numbers of varieties and in hybridisation between the three divisions, later RHS classification saw the three divisions amended to seven in 1908 and to 11 in 1910. The 1910 scheme introduced sub-divisions indicating colour for trumpet, large-cupped and small-cupped cultivars. The 1910 scheme survived, with only minor amendments, until 1950 (Kington, 1998). The revised classifications introduced by the RHS in 1950 and 1998 were designed to be more logical, easier to use, and adaptable to further developments in daffodil breeding (Kington, 1998). In 1950, the trumpet, large-cupped and small-cupped divisions were sub-divided according to a one-letter colour code: (a) perianth and corona coloured, (b) perianth white, corona coloured, (c) perianth and corona white, and (d) other combinations. A more comprehensive colour coding was introduced in 1975. Main changes in 1998 included the sub-division of splitcorona cultivars into Collar and Papillon types, and the establishment of a division for Bulbocodium cultivars. With the huge number of hybrids and intense interest among enthusiasts, it is likely that the classification of daffodil cultivars will continue to evolve.
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
Page 18 and 19: Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
Page 20: Figures/Plates of different segment
Page 23 and 24: 2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
Page 25 and 26: 4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
Page 27 and 28: 3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
Page 29 and 30: 8 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.6 Diagrammati
Page 31 and 32: 10 G.R. Hanks (Rees, 1969). When fl
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Page 35 and 36: 14 G.R. Hanks root system of commer
Page 37 and 38: 16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
Page 39 and 40: 18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
Page 41 and 42: 20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
Page 43 and 44: 22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
Page 45 and 46: 24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
Page 47 and 48: 26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
Page 49 and 50: 28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
Page 51 and 52: 3 Classification of the genus Narci
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Page 55 and 56: 34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
Page 57 and 58: 36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
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Page 71 and 72: 50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
Page 73 and 74: 52 B. Mathew RHS (1958) The Classif
Page 75 and 76: 54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
Page 77 and 78: 56 G.R. Hanks such as drying stores
Page 79 and 80: Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultiv
Page 81 and 82: 60 G.R. Hanks Following planting in
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Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.1 Mean monthly weather dat
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Page 105 and 106: 84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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Page 115 and 116: 94 G.R. Hanks methods have been tes
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98 G.R. Hanks usually collected in
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100 G.R. Hanks respond to ethylene
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102 G.R. Hanks using thiabendazole
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104 G.R. Hanks required for the eff
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106 G.R. Hanks and cross-cutting, s
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
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368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
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370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
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16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
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382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
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17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
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394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
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Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
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398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
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400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
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406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
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19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
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410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
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412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
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414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
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416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
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418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
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420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial d
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422 Index Divisions (classification
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424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf sco
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426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Po
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428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax
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Narcissus and Daffodil

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