Narcissus and Daffodil

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Index For further alkaloids, readers should also consult Tables 6.1, 6.3 and 6.4; for further species and cultivars, Table 6.2; and for further biological and pharmacological effects, Table 6.4. Abscesses, 25, 26 Acetyl-10-norpluviine, 258 Acetylcholine, 358, 371 Acetylcholinesterase, 336, 338, 343, 416 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 195, 215, 243, 256, 273, 282, 286, 293, 328, 335f, 339, 371ff, 410, 414f Acetylgalanthamine, 258 Advisory information (bulb growing), 59f Agavaceae, 276 Agricultural subsidies, 135 Agrochemical use, reduced, 101, 280 Air pollutants, 97 Aizoaceae, 141 Ajax (genus), 30 Alcohol abuse, 256, 274, 417 Aldrin, 85 Alkaloids, 2, 24, 141ff, 215ff, 258, 264, 273ff, 286ff, 371ff, 405ff; analysis, 249, 257; biosynthesis, 142, 163, 169, 171, 179; composition (cultivars), 373; distribution, 277; structure, 141f, 185; synthesis, 196, 306ff Allelopathic, 185 Allergenic, 185 Allergic dermatitis, 407 Allergic reactions, 406f Alliaceae, 400 Allium cepa (see onions) Alzheimer’s disease, 25, 195, 215, 243, 250, 273ff, 279ff, 286, 304, 334ff, 357ff, 366, 372f, 415, 418 Amaryllidaceae (in general), 1, 7, 31, 141, 215, 242, 256ff, 276, 286ff, 371ff Amaryllis (Hippeastrum), 244, 290, 413 Ambeline, 288, 290 Amino acid sequences, 386 Amino-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid synthase, 411 Amyloid plaques, 343 Anaesthesia, 273, 343, 347 Analeptic, 195 Analgesic, 26, 195, 256, 345, 415 Angel’s Tears daffodils, 38 Anhydrogalanthamine, 269 Anodic oxidation, 320 Antiarrhythmic, 243 Anticancer, 197, 274 Anticholinesterase activity, 215, 242ff, 274, 304, 334ff, 341, 346, 358f Antifertility, 185 Antifungal, 185 Anti-inflammatory, 196 Antileukaemic, 351 Antimalarial, 196 Antimetabolic, 389 Antimicrobial, 185 Antimitotic, 185, 196 Antinociceptive, 185 Anti-social behavioural traits, 416 Antispasmodic, 26 Antitumor, 185, 196, 350 Antiviral, 185, 196, 274, 389, 411 Anxiety, 417 Apex size, 11 Aphelenchoides subtenuis, 60, 100 Aphids, 61f, 81, 88, 389 Aphrodisiac, 26 Apical dominance, 10 Apical meristem, 10, 14 Araceae, 390 Arthritis, 416 Ascorbic acid metabolism, 196 Asphodel, 21, 24 Atropine, 342 Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, 414 Auto-immune diseases, 416 Autumn-flowering species, 4, 31 Auxins, 4, 217, 408 Azospirillum spp., 71
420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial diseases, 61 Baldness, 26 Barley, 134 Basal (base) rot, 59, 61, 68–102 Basal plate (stem plate), 4, 14 Basal plate disease, 100 Beans, 134 Bees, 13 Behavioural problems, 416 Benomyl, 76 Benzazepines, 243 Benzimidazole fungicides, 94 Benzodiazepine therapy, 273, 414f Benzylaminopurine, 220ff Bible, 23, 25 Bioavailability, 338 Biochemical detection system, 374f Biological activities, 186ff, 388 Biological control, 101 Biology, 1ff Biomass, 247, 277ff Bio-stimulant, 417 Black slime, 61 Blood-brain barrier, 339, 343 Bombus spp., 13 Boron, 71 Botrytis narcissicola (see smoulder) Bradycardia, 347f Brain injuries, 195, 344 Breeding, 1, 27, 31, 102ff Bromeliaceae, 390 Broncholytic, 243 Bruising (of bulbs), 71 Brunsvigia boophane, 178 Bud abortion, 2 Bufadienolides, 215 Bulb; branching system, 4ff; certification, 90, 98; cleaning, 93, 97f; clusters, 5, 11; dips, 77, 94; drying, 78, 94ff, 100f; forcing, 55; grade, grading, 11, 64, 82, 93ff; growing equipment, 131, 135, 137, 139; growth/ development, 5, 280; handling, 93f; inspection and sorting, 63, 93, 97f; lifters, lifting, 91ff, 281, 411; orientation, 84; packing, 97; prices, 55, 132f; quality, 62ff; ripening, 90f; scales, 4ff; shapes, 7, 64; size, 64, 276, 279; source, 62ff, 215; splitting, 97; storage, 2, 72f, 77ff, 93, 96ff, 139; structure, 4ff, 275ff; yields, 91, 132, 279, 281 Bulb and leaf nematode, 60 Bulb mites, 60 Bulb planting, 79, 84f, 411; arrangement, 84f; band, 84; date, 82; density, 11, 80ff, 276, 279f; depth, 83ff, 276, 279; machines, 79, 84; material, 62ff; nets, 86; row orientation, 84 Bulb producing areas, 55f Bulb production, 53ff, 131ff; for processing, 59, 81, 88ff, 98, 101, 109; seeds, 109; small-bulbed types, 100; specialist types, 99ff; species, 100; sustainable, 1; tazetta narcissus, 99f Bulb scale mite, 60, 72 Bulb units, 4ff Bulbing, 8, 14 Bulbocodium group, 30, 47 Bumble bees, 13 Butyrylcholinesterase, 336 Calcium, 71 Calcium oxalate, 12f, 405f Callus culture, 215ff Cancer, 24ff, 286, 338 Captan, 76 Caranine, 166f, 277 Carbendazim, 76 Carbofuran, 78 Carbohydrates, 2 Catarrh, 26 Cats, 26 Cattle, 26f Cauliflower, 134 Cell cultures, 248 Cell growth inhibition, 196 Cell wall structure, 14 Centrifugation, 287 Cereals, 85, 135 Cerebral paralysis, 415 Chemiluminescence methods, 373 Chemotaxonomy, 141 Chemotherapy, 334 Chilblains, 404 Chinese Sacred Lily, 42 Chipboard, 411 Chipping (propagation), 11, 14, 64, 97, 103ff, 108, 279, 281 Chlidanthine, 170 Chlorpyrifos, 76, 78 Chocolate spot, 62 Cholinergic activity, 195, 215, 336, 342, 371, 414 Cholinergic hypothesis, 358, 371 Cholinesterase, erythrocyte, 339 Chromatography, 249ff; affinity, 382, 384; capillary gas, 249, 288, 299, 372; counter current, 295; electrokinetic capillary, 294; gas, 257, 288ff; HPLC, 216, 249, 257ff, 289ff, 337ff, 374; paper chromatography, 249, 291f; reversed-phase HPLC, 290f, 295; TLC, 290ff Chromatography-mass spectrophometry, 288ff Chromosome numbers, 102
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
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Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
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Figures/Plates of different segment
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2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
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4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
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3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
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8 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.6 Diagrammati
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10 G.R. Hanks (Rees, 1969). When fl
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12 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.8 The relati
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14 G.R. Hanks root system of commer
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16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
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18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
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20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
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22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
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24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
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26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
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28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
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3 Classification of the genus Narci
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(1) (2) (3)
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34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
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36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
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38 B. Mathew 1c. Section Ganymedes
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40 B. Mathew umbel, fragrant; peria
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42 B. Mathew recognition whatsoever
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44 B. Mathew Note: N. elegans shows
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46 B. Mathew ssp. praecox Gatt. and
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(1) (2) (3) (4)
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50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
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52 B. Mathew RHS (1958) The Classif
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54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
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56 G.R. Hanks such as drying stores
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Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultiv
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60 G.R. Hanks Following planting in
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62 G.R. Hanks lost, resulting in th
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64 G.R. Hanks pathogen-tested nucle
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Figure 4.1 Mean monthly weather dat
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68 G.R. Hanks (as well as natural e
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70 G.R. Hanks compaction and its ef
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72 G.R. Hanks bulbs with base rot)
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74 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.3 Modern fro
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76 G.R. Hanks caution. Higher rates
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78 G.R. Hanks can also be prevented
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80 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.4 A typical
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82 G.R. Hanks Planting date The pra
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84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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86 G.R. Hanks On sloping sites, gro
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88 G.R. Hanks Insecticide and nemat
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90 G.R. Hanks bulb growth, especial
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92 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.7 Changes in
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94 G.R. Hanks methods have been tes
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96 G.R. Hanks the boxes, exiting at
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98 G.R. Hanks usually collected in
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100 G.R. Hanks respond to ethylene
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102 G.R. Hanks using thiabendazole
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104 G.R. Hanks required for the eff
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106 G.R. Hanks and cross-cutting, s
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
Page 389 and 390: 368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
Page 391 and 392: 370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
Page 401 and 402: 16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
Page 403 and 404: 382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
Page 413 and 414: 17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
Page 415 and 416: 394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
Page 417 and 418: Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
Page 419 and 420: 398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
Page 421 and 422: 400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
Page 427 and 428: 406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
Page 429 and 430: 19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
Page 431 and 432: 410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
Page 433 and 434: 412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
Page 435 and 436: 414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
Page 437 and 438: 416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
Page 439: 418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
Page 443 and 444: 422 Index Divisions (classification
Page 445 and 446: 424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf sco
Page 447 and 448: 426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Po
Page 449: 428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax
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