Narcissus and Daffodil

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Narwedine derivatives, 414 Narwedine-type enone, 325f Naturalising bulbs, 65 Neck rot (pathological), 61, 92 Neck rot (physiological), 61 Nectria radicicola, 60, 100 Nematicides, 85, 88 Nematodes, 60f, 70ff, 88, 91, 100ff, 411 Neostigmine, 256, 336, 342, 344f, 338 Nephrolepis, 226 Nerine, 167, 221, 226, 245 Nervous system diseases, 414 Neuritis, 242 Neurological effects, 336, 344f, 415 Neuromuscular diseases, 195 Neuropsychological function, 364 Nicotine dependence, 274, 417 Nicotinic agonist, 410, 415 Nitrogen, 70f Nivalidine, 292, 294 Nivalin(e), 244, 249, 304, 334, 345, 371 Nivaline Jikon, 242 Norbelladine, 142, 163, 170, 305, 325 Norellia spinipes (see narcissus leaf miner), 60 Norgalanthamine, 171, 304, 307, 312, 325, 414, 416 Norpluviine, 164ff, 258 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 172, 177, 179f, 269, 288 Numbness, 26 Obesine, 179 Offsets, 7 Oilseeds, 134f Omethoate, 88 One-year-down growing (see crop duration) Onions, 134, 218, 231 Opiates, 256 Optimised field production, 103, 108, 277 Orchidaceae, 390 Organic fertilizers, 71 Organic production, 100ff Organogenic tissue, 216 Ornamental horticulture (classical times), 246 Ornamentals, 1, 53, 80, 242, 279 Osteoarthritis, 416 Oxamyl, 88 Oxocrinine, 169 Paclitaxel, 371 Paclobutrazol, 71, 99, 221ff Palsy, 26 Pancratine, 295 Pancratistatin, 286, 295 Pancratium, 170, 244f, 290, 292f Pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade, 338 Index 425 Panic disorders, 417 Paper electrophoresis, 294 Paperwhite narcissus (paper whites), 41, 97, 99, 405 Papillon daffodils, 47, 49 Paralysis, 26, 344 Paratrichodorus spp., 60 Parkinson’s disease, 367, 417 Parvicoronati narcissus, 47 Patents, 410ff; extraction, 412; formulation, 414f; non-therepeutic use, 410f; pharmaceutical, 410ff; production, 412; therapeutic use, 415 Penicillium bulb rots, 61, 75f, 100 Perfume, perfumery, 394ff, 411 Perianth segments (see tepals) Peripheral neuropathy, 344 Peroxyacetic acid (peracetic acid), 76 Personality disorders, 23 Pest avoidance, 91 Pest forecasting models, 88 Pesticide applications, 67, 85, 100 Pesticide run-off, 67 Pesticide stability, 77 Pesticides, 280, 405 Pests (in general), 60ff, 83 Phaedranassa megistophylla, 276 Pharmaceuticals, 141, 256, 276, 279f Pharmacokinetics, 332ff Pharmacology, 184ff, 243, 334ff Pheasant’s eye cultivars, 34 Phenanthridine alkaloids, 26 Phenolic coupling, 220, 313, 320f, 325, 411 Phenolic oxidation, 320, 325 Pheromone, 185 Philodendron, 226 Phorate, 88 Phosphate, 70f Photometric methods, 249 Photoperiod, 9 Physiological disorders, 13, 61 Physiotherapy, 340 Physostigmine, 195, 215, 256, 336, 341, 346, 359, 373 Picloram, 216 Pigs, 26 Plant growth regulators, 88, 185 Plant health authorities, 63, 90, 98 Plant introductions, 31 Plant morphology, 4ff Plant Passports, 63 Planthopper, 389 Plasma concentrations, 338 Pliny, 21, 25 Pluviine, 166f Poetaz cultivars, 2 Poeticus cultivars, 74, 77
426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Poison, poisoning, 26f, 184, 242, 345, 417 Polarographic methods, 249, 295 Poliomyelitis, 242, 256, 413 Pollen, 13, 102 Poly/dermatomyositis, 344 Polysaccharides, 4 Popularity (of flower crops), 21, 53 Post-polio paralysis, 195, 344 Potash, 70 Potassium, 71f Potato cyst nematode, 60, 69f Potatoes, 134ff, 226 Pot-grown narcissus, 57 Poultices, 345 Poultry-keepers, 23 Powelline, 295 Pratylenchus penetrans, 60, 70, 100f Pre-cooling, 79 Predation, 2 Predictive crop models, 79 Pre-eclampsia, 416 Pre-soaking, 73, 77 Pretazettine, 26, 168, 178, 186, 195, 274, 306, 350f Pretazettine synthesis, 197 Pre-warming, 78 Primordia, 10 Probes, 390 Prochloraz, 76 Producing countries, 55, 281 Profitability of bulb growing, 131ff Progressive myodystrophy, 344 Propagation, 10, 102ff, 278 Prophage induction, 185 Protective adaptation, 242 Protective clothing, 405 Protein crops, 135 Protein synthesis, 196, 274, 351f Proteolytic diseases, 416 Pseudo-botanic names, 47 Pseudonarcissus group, 30 Psoriasis, 416 Psychometric and neuropsychiatric tests, 361 Pyrethroids, 88 Pyridostigmine, 336, 338 Quantitative analysis, 286ff Quarantine pest, 63 Quercetin, 26 Radiometric techniques, 293, 372 Rainfall, 65 Ramularia vallisumbrosae (see white mould) Raphides, 12f, 405 Rapid screening, 374 Rash, 402, 405 Recovery rate, 342 Red List, 1, 246 Register, 51 Register and Classified List, 51f Religious connections, 23f REM sleep, 349 Repetative strain injury, 404 Resistance to fungicides, 87 Respiration, 243, 345, 348 Respiratory diseases, 25 Retarding flowering, 98ff Retention of learned behaviour, 343 Retrovirus infection, 390 Reversal of paralysis, 342, 344, 371 Rheumatoid arthritis, 416 Rhizoctonia tuliparum, 61 Rhizoglyphus spp., 60 Rhizopus spp., 61, 97 Rhodophiala bifida, 169 Riddles, 94, 97 Ridge- and bed-growing, 79f, 84 Rivastigmine, 357 Roguing, 90 Root; cap, 13; cultures, 215; hairs, 13f Root rot, 60f, 100 Root-lesion nematode, 60 Roots, 13ff, 72; adventitious, 4, 14; contractile, 14 Rose, 406 Rosellinia necatrix, 61 Royal Horticultural Society, 47, 49, 50, 62 Rust, 85 Sanguinine, 304, 324f, 414 Sap, 2, 16, 401ff Scales (bulb scales), 4f, 10, 14 Scape (see stem) Scent, 185 Schiff’s bases, 163 Schizophrenia, 243, 273, 346, 417 Sclerotinia bulborum, 61 Sclerotinia polyblastis, 61 Scooping (propagation), 105 Scopolamine, 195, 336f, 343, 345, 358 Scopolia maxima, 225 Seasonal workers, 404 Secondary metabolism, 215, 219 Section (taxonomic), 30; Apodanthi, 49; Aurelia, 44; Braxireon, 41; Bulbocodium, 45, 49; Chloraster, 40; Ganymedes, 30, 38; Helena, 34; Hermione, 30, 41; Jonquilla, 49; Jonquillae, 38; Narcissus, 34; Pseudonarcissus, 35; Tapeinanthus, 41; Tazettae, 41, 49 Securinine, 294 Seed germination, 14 Seedling growth, 408 Seedlings, 14ff
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
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Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
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Figures/Plates of different segment
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2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
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4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
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3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
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8 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.6 Diagrammati
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10 G.R. Hanks (Rees, 1969). When fl
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12 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.8 The relati
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14 G.R. Hanks root system of commer
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16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
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18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
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20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
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22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
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24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
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26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
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28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
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3 Classification of the genus Narci
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(1) (2) (3)
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34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
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36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
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38 B. Mathew 1c. Section Ganymedes
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40 B. Mathew umbel, fragrant; peria
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42 B. Mathew recognition whatsoever
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44 B. Mathew Note: N. elegans shows
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46 B. Mathew ssp. praecox Gatt. and
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(1) (2) (3) (4)
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50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
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52 B. Mathew RHS (1958) The Classif
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54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
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56 G.R. Hanks such as drying stores
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Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultiv
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60 G.R. Hanks Following planting in
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62 G.R. Hanks lost, resulting in th
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64 G.R. Hanks pathogen-tested nucle
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Figure 4.1 Mean monthly weather dat
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68 G.R. Hanks (as well as natural e
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70 G.R. Hanks compaction and its ef
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72 G.R. Hanks bulbs with base rot)
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74 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.3 Modern fro
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76 G.R. Hanks caution. Higher rates
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78 G.R. Hanks can also be prevented
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80 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.4 A typical
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82 G.R. Hanks Planting date The pra
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84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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86 G.R. Hanks On sloping sites, gro
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88 G.R. Hanks Insecticide and nemat
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90 G.R. Hanks bulb growth, especial
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92 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.7 Changes in
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94 G.R. Hanks methods have been tes
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96 G.R. Hanks the boxes, exiting at
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98 G.R. Hanks usually collected in
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100 G.R. Hanks respond to ethylene
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102 G.R. Hanks using thiabendazole
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104 G.R. Hanks required for the eff
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106 G.R. Hanks and cross-cutting, s
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
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368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
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370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
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372 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
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Page 401 and 402: 16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
Page 403 and 404: 382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
Page 413 and 414: 17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
Page 415 and 416: 394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
Page 417 and 418: Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
Page 419 and 420: 398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
Page 421 and 422: 400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
Page 427 and 428: 406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
Page 429 and 430: 19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
Page 431 and 432: 410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
Page 433 and 434: 412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
Page 435 and 436: 414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
Page 437 and 438: 416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
Page 439 and 440: 418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
Page 441 and 442: 420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial d
Page 443 and 444: 422 Index Divisions (classification
Page 445: 424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf sco
Page 449: 428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax
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