Narcissus and Daffodil

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Galanthamine-type alkaloids, 169ff, 179, 184, 323 Galanthaminone, 291f, 339ff Galanthine, 166, 242 Galanthus, 25, 195, 215, 242, 244ff, 256f, 276, 292, 304, 306, 334, 371, 410, 412f, 415 Galathindin, 243 Galen, 25 Garden swift moth, 60 Gastroenteritis, 26 Gemanthamine, 248 Genetic material, conservation, 31, 103 Genetics, 31 Geophytic habit, 2 Gerard, John, 19 Gibberellins, 4, 197, 221, 226 Gladiolus, 221, 226, 229, 231 Glaucoma, 346 Globodera spp., 60 Glomus spp. (see endomycorrhizal fungi) Glutaraldehyde, 75f Glycopeptides, 384, 400 Glycoproteins, 400 Goats, 26 Grassiness, 61 Gravimetric methods, 295 Grey bulb rot, 61 Gross margin, 131ff Groundkeepers (see volunteers) Growth regulators, 221 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 345 Habitats, 2 Haemanthamine, 142, 168f, 178, 215ff, 261, 267, 274, 277, 289f, 292, 299 Haemanthamine-type alkaloids, 168ff, 178 Haemanthidine, 168 Haemanthus katherinas, 245 Haemodoraceae, 276 Hair shampoos, 411 Hallucinogenic effects, 184 Harmful effects of narcissus, 185, 401ff Hepialus lupulinus (see garden swift moth) Herbal medicines, 24ff, 185, 345 Herbal, Culpeper’s, 22, 25f Herbal, Gerard’s, 19 Herbal, John K’Eogh’s Irish, 25 Herbicides, 68, 86ff, 90, 92, 101 Herrick, Robert, 24 High-health status bulbs, 88 Hipotensive, 185 Hippeastrum, 245, 390 Hippocrates of Cos, 25 Histiostoma species, 60 Homer’s Odyssey, 334 Homoeopathic medicine, 25 Homolycorine, 142, 167, 406 Index 423 Homolycorine-type alkaloids, 163, 167, 177, 180 Hoop Petticoat daffodils, 45 Hordenine, 292, 295 Hormones, 2, 196 Horticultural classification, 47ff Hot-water treatment, 60, 64, 72–88, 134, 139 Hydrochloric acid, 77 Hydrogen fluoride, 97 Hydrogen peroxide, 76 Hydroxyvittatine, 169 Hygiene, 72 Hymenocallis, 245, 295 Hypobaric storage, 99 Hypoxidaceae, 276 Hysteranthy, 4 Hysterical affections, 26 Immunoassays, 288, 293 Imports, bulbs, 56f Incartine, 166 Indolylacetic acid, 77, 197 Infantile paralysis, 410 Infrastructure, 69 Initiation; bulb unit, 8, 10ff, 14; floral, 7ff Insecticides, 76ff, 85ff, 196 Insects, 13, 389 Integrated Crop Management, 100ff International Registration Authority, 50, 62 Intraocular pressure, 195, 346 Ion-exchange resins, 413 Iris, 2, 11 Iron, 71 Irrigation, 65, 89f Irritancy, 185, 405 Ismene (Hymenocallis), 170, 245 Isofenphos, 78 Isolectins, 384ff Isomers, 306, 411 Ixiolirion, 245f Jet-lag, 273, 417 Joint disorders, 416 Jonquil absolute, 185 Jonquils, jonquilla cultivars, 27, 39, 59, 74, 100, 394 Juvenile phase, 14 Kinetin, 218ff Kohut, Heinz, 23 Labour, 56, 69, 131, 135, 137 Lamium album, 418 Language of flowers, 20f Large narcissus fly, 60, 73, 76, 78, 81, 85, 88, 91 Large-cup cultivars, 1, 47, 49, 59, 74, 257, 269 Leaf cuttings (propagation), 106
424 Index Leaf numbers, 11 Leaf scorch, 61, 87, 97 Leaf senescence, 2, 88f, 91 Leaves and leaf bases, 4ff, 11f Lectin content; life cycle effects, 389; varietal differences, 383 Lectins, 185, 382ff, 389f, 411; applications, 390; carbohydrate-binding, 388; classification, 382; concentration, 385; isolation, 382; mannose-binding, 383, 390; mitogenic activity, 389; molecular cloning, 385; purification, 382, 384; role in plants, 389f; snowdrop, 385f, 390; structure, 384, 386 Legends, 22ff Leucojum, 170, 196, 215, 242ff, 247, 249f, 256f, 274, 276, 291ff, 304, 372, 413 Leukaemia, 351 Lewis lung carcinoma, 351 Light (effects of), 11 Liliaceae, 390 Lilium, 231 Lily rash, 401 Linseed, 134f Lithium, 346 Liver function, 340, 349 Longevity (life span), 5, 7 Longidorus spp., 60 L-selectride, 319, 323 Lycoramine, 277, 282, 288, 292, 304, 306, 325, 327ff, 414 Lycorenine, 167, 288f, 292, 294 Lycoricidine, 274 Lycorine, 26, 141f, 165ff, 177, 180, 186, 196, 243ff, 249, 274, 277, 287ff, 413 Lycorine hydrochloride, 243 Lycorine synthesis, 196 Lycorine-type alkaloids, 164ff, 177, 180 Lycoris, 166, 245, 288, 413 Magnesium, 70f Magnicoronati narcissus, 47 Male impotence, 273 Mammals, 184 Mandrax, 345 Manganese, 70 Mania, 344, 416 Masonin, 405ff Mass spectrometry, 171, 180ff, 291, 299 Mediicoronati narcissus, 47 Meristematic tissues, 277 Meristem-tip culture, 104 Merodon equestris (see large narcissus fly) Mesembrane- (Sceletium-) type alkaloid, 141 Mesembrenone, 141 Metam-sodium, 70 Methyl bromide, 72 Methylapogalanthamine, 269 Methylgalanthamine hydroxide, 244 Methylnorbelladine, 165ff, 320 Methyloduline, 258 Metrifonate, 359 Microbiological reduction, 314 Micropropagation (see tissue culture) Migraine, 345 Mineral oil sprays, 88 Miniature daffodils, 27 Mites, 73 Mn (III) acetylacetonate, 314, 320 Mononucleosis, 416 Montanine, 142, 169 Montanine-type alkaloids, 167ff, 183 Morphine, 342 Mother bulbs, 5, 7 Mucilage, 185, 405 Mucor plumbeus, 75 Mulches, 85 Multi-headed cultivars, 1 Multi-nosed bulbs, 7 Multiple sclerosis, 344 Muscarinic agonist, 414 Muscle function, 336, 417 Muscular dystrophy, 242, 345 Muscular relaxant antagonists, 242 Myalgic encephalitis, 416 Myasthenia, 195, 242 Mycoplasma-like organisms, 61 Mycorrhizae, 14 Myopathy, 242 Mythology, 22ff Narciclasine, 25, 142, 169f, 186, 197, 274, 295, 408 Narciclasine biosynthesis, 169 Narciclasine-type alkaloids, 167ff, 178 Narcissidine, 166 Narcissin, 243 Narcissine, 26 Narcissistic personality disorder, 23 Narcissimum (ointment), 26 Narcissus; anatomy, 10, 12; annual growth cycle, 2ff, 59f, 103; constituents, 399ff; distribution, 1, 31, 242; extracts, 185; fragrance, 408; genes, 103; growth/ development, 4ff, 277; production for medicine, 276; species and cultivars, 1f, 100, 106, 142ff, 276 Narcissus (mythological character), 22 Narcissus absolute, 397, 400, 411 Narcissus leaf miner, 60 Narcissus oil, 25f Narcissus-type radiation effect, 409, 411 Narcotic, 26 Narwedine, 243, 282, 296, 304, 306, 320f, 329, 413
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Narcissus and Daffodil
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Narcissus and Daffodil The genus Na
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Contents Preface to the series vii
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Preface to the series There is incr
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Preface My interest in flower-bulb
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Gordon R. Hanks Crop and Weed Scien
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Figures 1.1 The effect of bulb stor
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Figures/Plates xvii 7.8 Accumulatio
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Figures/Plates of different segment
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2 G.R. Hanks Information about the
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4 G.R. Hanks (1999), and the polysa
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3 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 5 Flowering in 1976
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8 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.6 Diagrammati
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10 G.R. Hanks (Rees, 1969). When fl
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12 G.R. Hanks Figure 1.8 The relati
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14 G.R. Hanks root system of commer
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16 G.R. Hanks Cremer, M.C., Beijer,
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18 G.R. Hanks Roh, S.M. and Lee, J.
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20 A.C. Dweck Figure 2.1 The narcis
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22 A.C. Dweck Julians Hertfordshire
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24 A.C. Dweck Herefordshire, if daf
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26 A.C. Dweck the basis of an ancie
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28 A.C. Dweck Britten, J. and Holla
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3 Classification of the genus Narci
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(1) (2) (3)
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34 B. Mathew d. Section Jonquillae
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36 B. Mathew N. cyclamineus DC. Flo
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38 B. Mathew 1c. Section Ganymedes
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40 B. Mathew umbel, fragrant; peria
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42 B. Mathew recognition whatsoever
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44 B. Mathew Note: N. elegans shows
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46 B. Mathew ssp. praecox Gatt. and
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(1) (2) (3) (4)
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50 B. Mathew Table 3.1 Horticultura
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52 B. Mathew RHS (1958) The Classif
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54 G.R. Hanks grown for galanthamin
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56 G.R. Hanks such as drying stores
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Table 4.4 Areas of Narcissus cultiv
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60 G.R. Hanks Following planting in
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62 G.R. Hanks lost, resulting in th
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64 G.R. Hanks pathogen-tested nucle
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Figure 4.1 Mean monthly weather dat
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68 G.R. Hanks (as well as natural e
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70 G.R. Hanks compaction and its ef
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72 G.R. Hanks bulbs with base rot)
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74 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.3 Modern fro
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76 G.R. Hanks caution. Higher rates
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78 G.R. Hanks can also be prevented
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80 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.4 A typical
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82 G.R. Hanks Planting date The pra
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84 G.R. Hanks Hanks and Jones, 1986
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86 G.R. Hanks On sloping sites, gro
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88 G.R. Hanks Insecticide and nemat
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90 G.R. Hanks bulb growth, especial
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92 G.R. Hanks Figure 4.7 Changes in
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94 G.R. Hanks methods have been tes
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96 G.R. Hanks the boxes, exiting at
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98 G.R. Hanks usually collected in
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100 G.R. Hanks respond to ethylene
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102 G.R. Hanks using thiabendazole
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104 G.R. Hanks required for the eff
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106 G.R. Hanks and cross-cutting, s
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108 G.R. Hanks In practice, moulds
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110 G.R. Hanks that, with enterpris
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112 G.R. Hanks Balatková, V., Tupy
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114 G.R. Hanks (Narcissus pseudonar
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116 G.R. Hanks Flint, G.J. (1983) E
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118 G.R. Hanks Hanks, G.R. and Rees
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120 G.R. Hanks Khatib, K. al (1996)
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122 G.R. Hanks Luyten, I. (1935) Ve
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124 G.R. Hanks O’Neill, T.M., Man
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126 G.R. Hanks Ruamrungsri, S., Rua
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128 G.R. Hanks Thompson, P.A. (1977
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130 G.R. Hanks Williams, M. (1996)
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132 J.B. Briggs Table 5.1 Typical g
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134 J.B. Briggs Table 5.3 Actual gr
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136 J.B. Briggs Table 5.4 Actual co
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138 J.B. Briggs Table 5.5 Capital c
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140 J.B. Briggs ADAS (1987a) Narcis
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142 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fig
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Table 6.1 Narcissus alkaloid struct
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Table 6.1b Continued Alkaloid name
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Table 6.1d Tazettine type O O R1 R2
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Table 6.1f Continued MeO Alkaloid n
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Table 6.2 Continued Species* Alkalo
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162 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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Table 6.3 Continued Alkaloid* Formu
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176 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Tab
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178 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Cri
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180 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat It
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184 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat is
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186 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat and
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Table 6.4 Continued Alkaloid Activi
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196 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat tac
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198 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Ang
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200 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Boi
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202 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat lyc
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204 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Fug
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206 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Han
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208 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Kin
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210 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat of
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212 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Sp
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214 J. Bastida and F. Viladomat Wil
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216 C. Codina and, consequently, hi
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218 C. Codina easily lost on transf
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220 C. Codina they might be more su
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222 C. Codina µ g/g FW µ g/g FW 3
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224 C. Codina Kinetin As observed i
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226 C. Codina Table 7.3 Total produ
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228 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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230 C. Codina Accumulation of alkal
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232 C. Codina Effect on growth and
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234 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 0.90
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236 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.4 1
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238 C. Codina mg/g DW mg/g DW 1.5 1
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240 C. Codina Hanks, G.R. and Jones
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8 Narcissus and other Amaryllidacea
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244 O.A. Cherkasov and O.N. Tolkach
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9 Studies on galanthamine extractio
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258 M. Kreh Table 9.1 Results of ga
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260 M. Kreh relation to the qualita
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262 M. Kreh Figure 9.3 Galanthamine
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264 M. Kreh 2.0 flower 2 1 3 4 0 10
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266 M. Kreh • High purity of the
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268 M. Kreh fraction of Narcissus
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H O MeO O MeO H H HO H (1) (3) + 2
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272 M. Kreh Gorinova, N.I., Atanass
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274 R.M. Moraes (Katz and Taneck, 1
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276 R.M. Moraes bulbs of many Narci
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278 R.M. Moraes Galanthamine conten
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280 R.M. Moraes Table 10.2 The effe
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282 R.M. Moraes years, a yield of 1
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284 R.M. Moraes Kosley, R.W., Jr.,
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11 Extraction and quantitative anal
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288 N.P.D. Nanayakkara and J.K. Bas
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Table 11.1 GC and HPLC procedures f
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Table 11.1 Continued References Det
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12 Synthesis of galanthamine and re
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306 V.N. Bulavka and O.N. Tolkachev
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13 Compounds from the genus Narciss
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334 D. Brown with neostigmine the a
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336 D. Brown Absorption Galanthamin
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338 D. Brown Metabolism and excreti
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340 D. Brown were internationally i
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342 D. Brown cortex and hippocampus
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344 D. Brown reasoned that the effi
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346 D. Brown Galanthamine causes br
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348 D. Brown (1994) go on to mentio
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350 D. Brown (Punto Toro and Rift V
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352 D. Brown Furusawa, E., Lum, M.K
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354 D. Brown Snorrason, E. and Stef
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356 D. Brown examination of a brain
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358 D. Brown A successful cholinerg
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Table 14.2 Summary of human trials
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362 D. Brown statistically signific
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364 D. Brown ( Jann, 1998); see Tab
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366 D. Brown REFERENCES Bartus, B.T
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368 D. Brown Wilcock, G.K., Scott,
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370 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
Page 393 and 394: 372 K. Ingkaninan, H. Irth and R. V
Page 401 and 402: 16 Narcissus lectins Els J.M. Van D
Page 403 and 404: 382 E.J.M. Van Damme and W.J. Peuma
Page 413 and 414: 17 Narcissus in perfumery HISTORY C
Page 415 and 416: 394 C. Remy Figure 17.2 Flower coll
Page 417 and 418: Figure 17.3 Narcissus flowers sprea
Page 419 and 420: 398 C. Remy CONCLUSION The use of n
Page 421 and 422: 400 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers Fig
Page 427 and 428: 406 C.G. Julian and P.W. Bowers sym
Page 429 and 430: 19 Review of pharmaceutical patents
Page 431 and 432: 410 J.R. Murray to certain RNA viru
Page 433 and 434: 412 J.R. Murray occurs in a two-pha
Page 435 and 436: 414 J.R. Murray cognitive function
Page 437 and 438: 416 J.R. Murray given at a time bet
Page 439 and 440: 418 J.R. Murray Hofmannor, D., Mosc
Page 441 and 442: 420 Index Backache, 403 Bacterial d
Page 443: 422 Index Divisions (classification
Page 447 and 448: 426 Index Poet’s cultivars, 34 Po
Page 449: 428 Index Subgenus (taxonomy); Ajax
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