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involved in forming small cells within the churches to enrich the spiritual life of
the congregations through Bible study, prayer and evangelism. 56
Robert Clive’s reorganization of the East India Company laid the foundation for
the revitalization of the English chaplaincies, as well as Protestantism, throughout
India. David Brown, Claudius Buchanan and Henry Martyn were some of the
most distinguished evangelical chaplains. 57 Calcutta replaced Tranquebar as the
centre of Protestant missionary expansion. The formation of the Society for the
Propagation of Christian Knowledge (SPCK) by the Anglicans further accelerated
missionary work in India. The Church Missionary Society (CMS) was founded in
1799, and it became a leading missionary organization in India. Similarly, the
London Missionary Society (LMS) established a number of centres in South India
in the 19 th century.
The coming of the Baptist missionary William Carey in 1793 is an important
chapter in Indian missionary history. With the arrival of his colleagues, William
Ward and Joshua Marshman in 1799, they became known as the Serampore Trio,
and the Serampore Mission stimulated the rapid growth of Protestant missions due
to its contribution towards literature, education and evangelism. The East India
Company revised its charter in 1813, and thus gave freedom for Christian mission
in India, and subsequently India saw an increase of missionaries in the nineteenth
century. Several English missionary organizations like the CMS, LMS and SPG
(Society for the Propagation of the Gospel) were active in south India in the 19 th
56 Moffett, History of Christianity in Asia, 243.
57 Moffett, History of Christianity in Asia, 244-45.
59