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Pre-print Volume –Posters NECTON AND FISHERY COMMITEE better related to different shape of excisura ostii; the third and fourth were better related to different shape of rostrum and antirostrum. The interspecific comparison of adult specimens showed the Genus Lepidotrigla and C. lastoviza phylogenetically close, while L. dieuzeidei was discriminated by the Genera Aspitrigla and Eutrigla. The interspecific variability of juvenile specimens showed that C. lucerna and T. lyra were widely discriminated. This finding is probably due to individual genetic factors (Gauldie and Crampton, 2002) and to the different depths of their trophic niches. In fact, during their life cycle, triglids in Adriatic show a differential migration pattern to greater depths and away from the Italian to the Croatian coast (Montanini et al., 2008). The intraspecific variability of adult specimens was higher for C. lucerna and E. gurnardus while it was lower for the Genera Aspitrigla and Lepidotrigla. Intraspecific comparison between juveniles and adults showed that in all species there was an increase in otolith shape variability linked to growth and to environmental conditions. Conclusions - According to these results, the EFA method was proved to be a suitable tool for supporting phylogenetic and eco-morphological investigations and assessing affinities among the investigated triglids species. It allowed to find similarity between Lepidotrigla sp. and C. lastoviza; distance between C. lucerna and T. lyra and an increase in the variability of otolith shape from juveniles to adults. However, in order to facilitate correct biological interpretation of data, the EFA method should be correlated with appropriate sampling plans (Farias et al., 2009; Stagioni et al., 2009). References FARIAS I., VIEIRA A.R., GORDO L.S., FIGUEIREDO I. (2009) - Otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock discrimination of the black scabbardfish, Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 (Pisces: Trichiuridae), in Portuguese waters. Sci. Mar., 73 (2): 47-53. GAULDIE R.W., CRAMPTON J.S. (2002) - An eco-morphological explanation of individual variability in the shape of the fish otolith: comparison of the otolith of Hoplostethus atlanticus with other species by depth. J. Fish Biol., 60 (5): 1204-1221. IWATA H., UKAI Y. (2002) - SHAPE: A computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors. J. Hered., 93: 384-385. LOMBARTE A., CHIC O., PARISI-BARADAD V., OLIVELLA R., PIERA J., GARCIA-LADONA E. (2006) – A web-based environment for shape analysis of fish otoliths. Sci. Mar., 70 (1): 147- 152. MONTANINI S., STAGIONI M., VALLISNERI M. (2008) - Note sulla biologia di Chelidonichthys lucernus (Teleostei: Triglidae) nell’Alto-Medio Adriatico. Biol. Mar. Mediterr., 15 (1): 340-341. R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM (2010) - R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org STAGIONI M., MONTANINI S., VALLISNERI M. (2009) - Analisi Ellittica di Fourier degli otoliti del genere Lepidotrigla (Teleostei: Triglidae) nel mare Adriatico. Biol. Mar. Mediterr., 16 (1): 368-369. 41 st S.I.B.M. CONGRESS Rapallo (GE), 7-11 June 2010 319
Pre-print Volume –Posters NECTON AND FISHERY COMMITEE L. ORSI RELINI, L. LANTERI, F. GARIBALDI Centro di Biologia Marina del Mar Ligure (BIOLMAR) Corso Europa, 26 – 16132 Genova, Italia. largepel@unige.it MEDUSIVOROUS FISHES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. A COASTAL SAFETY SYSTEM AGAINST JELLYFISH BLOOMS PESCI MEDUSIVORI DEL MEDITERRANEO. UN BALUARDO CONTRO LE MEDUSE Abstract – More than twenty species of medusivorous fishes are present in the Mediterranean Sea: they can be grouped in a coastal and an offshore assemblage. Seven species of the former group resulted as top species in terms of CPUE (catches per fishery season) at the Camogli tuna trap since a long time; given their relevance as biomass, we consider these species as a “safety system” against jellyfish invasions. Offshore medusivorous fishes are less known. During recent blooms of Pelagia noctiluca we have observed the jellyfish consume in five species (three of the coastal group) in which the gut was coloured by medusa pigments. Key-words: medusae, pigments, fish predation, Ligurian Sea. Introduction – Jellyfish blooms being in the spotlight (see for instance JMBA Global Marine Environment issue 11, 2010), we consider worth of attention a related subject, that is medusivorous fish. Investigating the reason of the blooms, attention to predators and/or competitors of medusae, helps to indicate gaps of knowledge and subjects for future research. The present note correlates the general subject of the fishes which occasionally or regularly feed on medusae with observations carried out monitoring fishing activities in the Ligurian Sea: the result underlines the importance of medusivorous fish. Results and conclusions - From general reviews about jellyfish consumers including medusivorous fishes (Ates, 1988; Arai, 1988, 2005) we have selected the species living in the Mediterranean. Adding some cases observed in the Ligurian Sea (Orsi Relini, 2010; Orsi Relini et al., 2010a), a total of twenty species, plus some casual ones, can be listed (Tab. 1). A first group (1-11) are deep living fish, both demersal on the slope or mesopelagic in their adult phase. A second group of species (12 onward) live in neritic coastal waters and in the Ligurian Sea was studied in temporal series of catches at the Camogli tuna trap. This trap, located on the western side of the Portofino Promontory, on a water column of about 40 m, produces about 50t of landings per fishing season (April-September), including more than 40 species. Annual total landings are considered CPUE as for large tuna traps, that is proxies of abundance indices. Temporal series of such data are available for the periods 1950-1974 and 1996-2000 (Balestra et al., 1976; Relini, 2001) and regard the ten species most important in terms of biomass (called also ten top species); in the above indicated periods they included the sunfish Mola mola (Orsi Relini et al., 2010b), which was later on banned as food by EC; at present this fish, if caught, is released alive. It is easily verified that the top ten species coincide, in 7 cases of 10, with medusivorous species, those numbered 12 to 18 in Tab. 1. The quantitative pattern of catches (CPUEs) and the persistence of the 41 st S.I.B.M. CONGRESS Rapallo (GE), 7-11 June 2010 320
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