Volume Two - Academic Conferences

2.3 Instrumentation
Maruff Akinwale Oladejo and Adelua Olajide Olawole
Three questionnaires were for data collection by the Researchers. These are College Academics’
Attitude to Electronic Publishing Questionnaire (CAAEPQ), College Academics’ Self-Concept Scale
(CASCS) and College Academics’ Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (CASEC) respectively. College
Academics’ Attitude to Electronic Publishing Questionnaire (CAAEPQ) was divided into two sections.
Section A contained items on College academics socio-demographic background such as age,
gender, rank/status, marital status and year of experience. Section B consisted of 15 items on
attitudes towards electronic publishing. The items were drawn on a modified four-point Likert scale of
Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SD) and carried the weights of
4,3,2,1 respectively. College Academics’ Self-Concept Scale (CASCS) was designed to seek
information College academics’ self-concept about electronic publishing. It has 10 items, which were
drawn on a modified four-point Likert scale of Most Like Me (MLM), Like Me (LM), Least Like Me
(LLM), and Not Like Me (NLM). It was scored with the weights of 4,3,2,1 respectively. Finally, College
Academics’ Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (CASEC) instrument was developed to collect information
on how efficacious College academics are about electronic publishing. It also consisted of 10 items,
drawn on a modified four-point Likert scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D), and
Strongly Disagree (SD) and carried the weights of 4,3,2,1 respectively.
2.4 Validity and reliability of the instruments
All the instruments were personally designed by the researchers after going through relevant
literature. They were later given to experts in measurement and evaluation for contents, construct and
face validity. This was to determine the proper structuring, adequacy and contents validity of each of
the items in each of the instruments, and to ensure that all the instruments measured what they were
actually expected to measure. All the items in all the instruments were retained after modifications
based on the experts’ suggestions. Furthermore, a reliability study was carried out using 100
academics at the Federal School of Survey, Oyo. These academics were found appropriate for this
purpose because they share similar characteristics with the subjects of the study. They were not
included in the real study. Cronbach’s coefficient was computed based on their responses. The alpha
values obtained were 0.68, 0.75 and 0.78 for CAAEPQ, CASCS, CASEC respectively.
2.5 Administration of instruments
The researchers employed the services of Colleagues in each of the three Colleges they had earlier
contacted for the purpose. All the questionnaires were administered on College academics during the
Academics’ Union general meeting. Two hundred copies of the questionnaires were sent out to each
of the three Colleges. Four hundred and thirty-five copies of the questionnaire were returned. This
gave 72.5% rate of return However, 85 out of these questionnaires were not completely filled. The
remaining 350 copies used for the scholarship were found to be appropriately and completely filled.
2.6 Procedure for data analysis
Data were analyzed through the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PMCC) and t-test
respectively. The PMCC was used to test hypothses1, 2, and 3, while t-test was used for testing
hypotheses 4, 5, and 6.
3. Findings
Finding: Table 1 shows a significant relationship between attitudes towards technology and electronic
publishing among College academics in Oyo State, Nigeria (r =0.024,df =348, P